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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define accommodation
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change in shape of ocular lens for various focal distances
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Define refreaction
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deflection of light when it passes from one medium to a different optic density
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Define Amblyoplia
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visual impairment not due to an ocular lesion not fully corrected by lenses. Lazy eye.
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Define diplopia
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a singel object is percieved as two. Double vision
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Define miosis
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contraction of pupil
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Define mydriasis
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dialation of pupil (my-D-riasis D = dialation
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Define photophobia
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dread and avoidance of light
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Define presbyopia
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physiologic loss of accommodation in eyes in advancing age
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Define Scotoma
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an isolated area of varying size and shape within visual field; floaties
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Define xerophthalmia
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excessive dryness of conjunctiva and cornea; may be due to disease or systemic deficiency of vit. A
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Define hyperopia
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far-sighted
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Define hemianopsia
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loss of vision for 1/2 of visual field
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Define esotropia
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form of strabismus
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Define Amaurosis fugax
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transient blindness which may result from carotid artery insuffieciency, retinal artery embolus.
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Define blephler/o
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eyelid
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Define dacry/o
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tears, lacrimal sac or duct
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What is the slit lamp used for
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biomicroscope used to view anterior chamber portion of eye: conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens
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When is a CT scan used to evaluate the eye
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to distinguish between preseptal and periorbital cellulitis
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When is a Water's view x-ray used to evaluate the eye
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to find and document blow out fractures
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When would Ultrasound be used to evaluate the eye
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determine vitreous humor hemorrhage: traumatic or diabetic
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What is preseptal cellulitis:
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periocular superficial cellulits that hasn't breached orbital septum. caused by staph. eyelids red, warm swollen
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What is orbital cellulitis
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orbital infection, potentially life-threatening. staph caused. extraocular muscle motility impaired, px, fever, proptosis. IV ABX, workup.
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What is most frequent site of orbital blowout fx's:
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inferior wall (maxillary) medial wall (ethmoid). SubQ emphsema. Repair surgically within 3-10 days.
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Describe 1. Sx, 2. etiology 3. tx for: anterior uveitis
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1. pupil small irregular. develop posterior synechiae (adhesions between iris/anterior lens capsule) 2. inflammatory cells flare within aqueous 3. topical corticosteroids
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Describe 1. Sx, 2. etiology 3. tx for: posterior uveitis
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1. acute unilateral px, redness, photophobia, visual loss 2. cells in vitreous. lesion may be present in retina or choroids. 3. systemic corticosteroid therapy and occasionally systemic immunosuppression agents
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What conditions or injuries require immediate consultation to ophthalmologist
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full thickness corneal FB, penetrating trauma, ruptured globe, chemical burns showing corneal clouding, acute angle closure glaucoma, central retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment is suspected
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Define Hyphema
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blood in anterior chamber either by trauma or spontaneous.
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Define hordeolum (sty)
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acute staph infection of external lash line
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Define chalazion
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acute or chronic inflammation secondary to blockage of the lid margin (meibomian gland)
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Define blephlaritis
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inflammation of eyelid. oil glands occlude.
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