Ophthalmic Medical Assistant 2

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- - - - - - - - - - is a red dye that will likely degrade epithelium

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ROSE BENGAL

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ROSE BENGAL

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HAS BEEN KNOWN FOR DEGENERATING EPITHELIUM.

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ROSE BENGAL

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IS USED FOR CONDITIONS CHARACTERIZED BY THE SLOUGHING OFF OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL AND CORNEAL EPITHELIUM ( OCCURS W/ KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA, OR DRYNESS OF THE CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA

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STAINS

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FLURESS
FLUORETS
ROSETS (DRY ROSE BENGAL) FLOURESOFT..........

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FLUORESCEIN

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OCULAR STAIN USED TO SHOW DEFECTS IN CORNEAL EPI
BEST VIEWED BY UV OR COBALT BLUE LIGHT. *BEWARE W/ soft C.L.
use flourosoft

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DECONGESTANTS

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RELIEVE RED AND EYE IRRITATION , SHRINKING VESSELS REDUCING IRRITATION, WATERING
PHENYLEPHRINE, (PREFRIN) TETRAHYDROZOLINE, (VISINE) & NAPHAZOLINE (VASOCON).

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ANTI-INFECTIVE PREPERATIONS COME IN THREE LARGE FAMILIES

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~ 1 ) ANTIBIOTICS
~ 2) SULFONAMIDES
~3) ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

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NAME 3 ANTIINFECTIVES

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~ 1 ) ANTIBIOTICS
~ 2) SULFONAMIDES
~3) ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

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~ 2) SULFONAMIDES

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~WIDE SPECTRUM ACTIVITY
~EFFECTIVE AGAINST BACTERIA & LG SIZE VIRUS LIKE AGENTS
~HYPERSENSITIVITY CAN BE SEVERE - ALWAYS ? PRIOR USE AND ALLERGIES

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~3) ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

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5-LODO-2'-DEOXYURDINE, HAS BEEN INVALUABLE IN CORNEAL HERPES BY PREVENTING FEEDING OFF OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM THUS VIRAL REPLICATION.

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WHICH ANTIBIOTICS ACT DIRECTLY AND KILL BACTERIA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS?

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BACTERIOCIDAL AGENTS:
PENICILLIN, STREPTOMYCIN & BACTRACIN

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BACTERIOSTATIC AGENTS THAT INHIBIT GROWTH

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TETRACYCLINE, SULFONAMIDES, ERYTHROMYCIN

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SYSTEMIC STEROIDS.... STEROIDS .....ALWAYS DO THOROUGH HISTORY, AS DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, TUBERCULOSIS CAN BE EXACERBATED

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PREDNISOE 5 - 20 TABS
PREDNISOLONE 5 MG TABS

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DIAMOX

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SULFA

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LOCAL ANESTHETICS BY INJECTION USED FOR:

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GLOBE
EYELID
PARALYSIS OF MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYE AND EYELID
PAPALYSIS OF FACIAL MUSCLES

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COMMONLY USED LOCAL ANESTHETICS

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~PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE (NOVACAINE) 1% - 4%
~LIDICAINE HYDROCHLORIDE (CITANEST) 1% - 3% (MAY BE COMBINED W/ EPINEPHRINE (CONSTRICTS BLOODS VESSELS) 2% lido how many cc?

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SIDE EFFECTS OF LOCALS INCLUDE

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~ (1) IRREGULARITIES IN CORNEAL EPITHELIUM
~(2) RESTLESSNESS & DELIRIUM
~(3) IRREGULAR RESPIRATION
~(4) CONVULSIONS, AND
~(5) CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER

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TOPICAL ANESTHESIA

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CAUTION PT DO NOT TOUCH OR RUB EYE OR EYELIDS

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ANESTHESIA SIDE EFFECTS CAUTIONS...

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SYNCOPE, IRREGULARITIES IN CORNEAL EPITHELIUM, IRREGULAR RESPIRATION AND CHILLS AND FEVER, CONVULSIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER

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CORTICOSTEROIDS : HORMONES FROM ADRENAL GLANDS OR SYNTHETICS ARE USED

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REDUCE INFLAMMATION & EXUDATIVE REACTION OF DISEASED TISSUE

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CORTICOSTEROIDS

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CORTISONE ACETATE OCULAR SUSPENSION/OINTMENT

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CORTICOSTEROIDS

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HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE OCULAR SUSPENSION/OINTMENT

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CORTICOSTEROIDS

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PREDNISONE ACETATE & PHOSPHATE

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CORTICOSTEROIDS

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DEXAMETHASONE PHOSPHATE

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DRUGS THAT LOWER IOP

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TIMOPTIC .25% - 0.5 %
TIMOPTIC - XE
XALATAN
ALPHAGAN
BETAGAN
ORAL MEDS ARE :
DIAMOX AND NEPTAZANE
(ON HAND FOR IOP EMERGENCY)

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CYCLOPLEGIC AGENTS

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ATROPHINE
HOMATROPHINE
HYOCINE
CYCLOPENTOLATE
TROPICAMIDE MYDRIACYL 0.5 - 1% AND.... ON 20 MIN ~ OFF 1HR.

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TROPICAMIDE MYDRIACYL

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TROPICAMIDE MYDRIACYL 0.5 - 1% AND.... ON 20 MIN ~ OFF 1HR
USED MOST OFTEN IN MD OFFICE BECAUSE RAPID DIALATION AND RECOVERY TIME

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Topical anesthetics are used in ophthalmology to numb the surface of the outermost layers of the cornea and conjunctiva to:

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* Perform a contact/applanation tonometry.

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Proparacaine hydrochoride AKA

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OPTHAINE
OPTHETIC
0.5%

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------ is used in the eye as an anesthetic to numb the pain that may occur during procedures

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Proparacaine 0.5%..... (Ophthetic )
REMOVE FOREIGN BODIES
GONO EXAM
SURGERY
APPLANATION TENSION CHECK

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Prolonged use of eye ------ is not recommended...WATCH PT'S FOR PILFERING.

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anesthetics

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Ak-Taine, Alcaine, Ophthetic

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Refrigerate between 36 and 46 degrees F
KEEP away from light and moisture.

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levobunolol,

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beta blockers

Levobunolol Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution may be absorbed systemically

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CYCLOPLEGIC....

CYCLOPENTOLATE

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Cyclogyl

Cyclopentolate

Cyclomydril

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CYCLOPLEGIC....

Tropicamide

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Tropicamide MYDRIACYL instill one or two drops of 1% solution in the eye(s),
0.5% - 15 mL:

1% - 3 mL:

1% - 15 mL:

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applanation tonometry (GAT)

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sodium fluorescein 0.25%

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TIMOPTIC

1 x d

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LOWER IOP
0.25% AND 0.5% significantly decrease the IOP (TIMOLOL MALEATE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION)

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TIMOPTIC‑XE

1 x d

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LOWER IOP
0.25% AND 0.5% significantly decrease the IOP
STERILE OPHTHALMIC GEL FORMING SOLUTION
(TIMOLOL MALEATE OPHTHALMIC GEL FORMING SOLUTION)

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Xalatan
0.005% (50 µg/mL)

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LOWER IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.

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ALPHAGAN (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution) 0.15%

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(brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution) 0.15%

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DIAMOX

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LOWER IOP
(Acetazolamide
: Extended-Release Capsules)

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Neptazane

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LOWER IOP
Generic name: Methazolamide

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Sodium chloride 0.9%
Normal saline

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TONICITY (CONCENTRATION)
MOST LIKE TEARS

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The eye will tolerate some variation in tonicity without great discomfort

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tonicity PH

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Most ophthalmic solutions are buffered to the pH range from 3.5 to 10.5

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3.5 to 10.5 PH