Ophthalmic Definitions

Front 1

Anisocria

Back 1

Unequal pupil size

Front 2

Aphakia

Back 2

Absence of lens

Front 3

Blepharospasm

Back 3

Reflex closure of eyelid due to periocular pain of any cause

Front 4

Blepharitis

Back 4

Inflammation of eyelids

Front 5

Buphthalmos

Back 5

Enlarged globe, secondary to glaucoma

Front 6

Cataract

Back 6

Opacity of lens or its capsule

Front 7

Chemosis

Back 7

Oedema of the conjunctiva

Front 8

Coloboma

Back 8

Congenital abnormality from failure of some portion of fetal tissue to close. May involve choroid, retina, optic nerve, ciliary body and iris

Front 9

Dacryoadenitis

Back 9

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

Front 10

Dacrocystitis

Back 10

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

Front 11

Dermoid

Back 11

Congenital tumour consisting of skin and its dermal appendage

Front 12

Diopter

Back 12

Refractive power of lens, used as a unit of measurement in refraction. 1 diopter= 1/ focal length in metres

Front 13

Distichiasis

Back 13

Presence of 2 rows of eyelashes on one lid- cilia grows from meibomian gland opening

Front 14

Ectropion

Back 14

Rolling outward of eyelid margin

Front 15

Emmetropia

Back 15

Normal condition of eye in refraction; with eye at rest, parallel rays of light are focused on retina

Front 16

Enophthalmos

Back 16

Recession of the eyeball within the orbit

Front 17

Entropion

Back 17

Rolling in of the eyelid margin

Front 18

Epiphora

Back 18

Overflow of tears

Front 19

Exophthalmos

Back 19

Protrusion of the globe

Front 20

Hemeralopia

Back 20

Day blindness

Front 21

Hyperopia

Back 21

Parallel rays come into focus behind the retina due to shortening of the globe, or error in refraction- "far sighted"

Front 22

Hyphaema

Back 22

Blood in anterior chamber

Front 23

Hypopyon

Back 23

Inflammatory cells in anterior chamber

Front 24

Iris Bombe

Back 24

Forward bulging on non adherent part of iris caused by increase of fluid in posterior chamber following a posteror annular (360 degree) synechia

Front 25

Iridodonesis

Back 25

Movement of iris, seen in aphakia or subluxated lens

Front 26

Keratectomy

Back 26

Excision of layers of cornea

Front 27

Keratitis

Back 27

Inflammation of the cornea

Front 28

Lagophthalmos

Back 28

Inability to close upper eyelid fully

Front 29

Limbus

Back 29

Junction between the cornea and sclera

Front 30

Leukoma

Back 30

White, opaque corneal opacity

Front 31

Miosis

Back 31

Constriction of pupil

Front 32

Mydriasis

Back 32

Dilation of pupil

Front 33

Nyctalopia

Back 33

Night blindness

Front 34

Photophobia

Back 34

Sensitivity to light

Front 35

Phthisis Bulbi

Back 35

Shrinking of the eye following uveitis or other inflammatory disease

Front 36

Presbyopia

Back 36

Defect of vision in advancing age with loss of accomodation

Front 37

Ptosis

Back 37

Drooping of upper eyelid

Front 38

Retinal Dysplasia

Back 38

Abnormal differentiation of retinal layers

Front 39

Strabismus

Back 39

Lack of parallism of the visual axes

Front 40

Symblepharon

Back 40

Adhesion of the conjunctiva to itself or to the cornea

Front 41

Synechia, anterior

Back 41

Adhesion of iris to cornea

Front 42

Synechia, posterior

Back 42

Adhesion of iris to lens

Front 43

Trichiasis

Back 43

Inversion of one or more cilia causing irritation of the cornea or conjunctiva

Front 44

Uveal tract

Back 44

Iris, ciliary body and choroid

Front 45

Vitreous syneresis

Back 45

Vitreous liquefaction

Front 46

Proptosis

Back 46

Eye forced out of socket, especially in trauma in brachycephalic breeds

Front 47

Purkinje images

Back 47

They bounce light off the 2 clear structures: lens and cornea. This tells us that they are present.

Their position tells us alot about ocular surface i.e. smoothness

Front 48

Dyscoria

Back 48

Abnormal shape of pupil

Front 49

Nictitating membrane

Back 49

A transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten it while maintaining visibility.

Aka. 3rd eyelid

Some reptiles, birds, and sharks have a full nictitating membrane; in many mammals, there is a small vestigial remnant of the membrane in the corner of the eye. Some mammals, such as camels, polar bears, seals, and aardvarks, have a full nictitating membrane.

It is often called a third eyelid

Front 50

Fundus

Back 50

The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of the eye, opposite the lens,

It includes the retina, optic disc, macula and fovea, and posterior pole.

Front 51

Tapetum lucidum

Back 51

A layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrate animals.

It lies in choroid.

It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors. This improves vision in low-light conditions.

Developed by 4 months of age

Front 52

Optic disc

Back 52

The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve.

There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point.

Front 53

Corpora nigra

Back 53

aka. granulae iridica

Masses of modified iridal tissue attached at the pupillary border and composed of melanotic cells, blood vessels, and fluid-filled spaces.

They usually have a lobulated appearance and are present only in herbivores.

The dorsal ones usually are larger; the ventral ones may be poorly developed or absent.

Front 54

Aqueous Flare

Back 54

Turbidity of the aqueous humor caused by increased protein levels and cells.

Front 55

Lamina cribrosa

Back 55

Fenestrated part of the sclera through which the optic nerve passes