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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Operations Management
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Supervision of processes that convert inputs into products or services.
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Productivity
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Measure of process improvement.
Productivity = Outputs/Inputs Output/Labor+Capital+(Energy or Materials) |
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Throughput Rate (TH)
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Rate at which flow units are output from the process.
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WIP Inventory
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Number of flow units contained within the process.
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Flow
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Time it takes a flow unit to get through the process.
Flow = Wait time + processing time |
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Little's Law (what do businesses seek?)
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High Throughput Rate
Low Inventory Levels Short Flow Time |
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Cycle Time
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Time between successive flow units being output form a process.
Cycle Time = 1 / Throughput Rate |
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Inventory Turns
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Number of times the average inventory level is "turned over"
Inventory turns = 1 / Flow Time or = TH / 1 |
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Effective Capacity
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rp = A (m / to)
m = Number of workers A= Percent of time a worker is available. to = Natural processing time per unit when worker is available |
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Effective Processing Time
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tp = to / A
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Utilization
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Percent of process capacity being used.
Fraction of time an activity is busy. U = Arrival Rate into Activity / Capacity of Activity |
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Law of Capacity
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A process can rarely run at full capacity.
Utilization can never be 100%, because of variability. |
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Law of Variability
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Increasing variability always slows a system.
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Law of Utilization
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Avg Flow Time increases with increases in utilization.
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An Order Winner
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is a criterion that differentiates the products or services of one firm from those of another. Depending on the situation, the order-winning criterion may be the price, quality, reliability, or any of the other dimensions developed earlier.
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An Order Qualifier
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Is a screening criterion that permits a firm’s products to even be considered as possible candidates for purchase
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Six Sigma Quality
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1. Define
2. Measue 3. Analyze 4. Improve 5. Control |
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Assignable Variation
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Caused by factors that can be identified.
Bad workers. Machine not working right. |
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Common variation
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Not traceable to a single primary factor.
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R-Chart
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Plots sample Ranges over time.
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P-Chart
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Yes or No question, use P-Chart.
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X-Chart
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Plots sample Means over time
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Human Perception Of Waiting
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Satisfaction = Perception - Expectation.
Both Psychological. |
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Process Improvement
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Variability Mgt
1. Buffer Variability 2. Reduce Variability Lean Philosophy 3. Eliminate Waste 4. Create Value |
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Pull System
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Released downstream based on the pull from the other stages.
Limits WIP. Ex. Made to order |
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Push System
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Released downstream regardless of system status.
Doesnt limit WIP Ex.Made to stock |
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Employee Empowerment
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Focus on process not people
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