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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define "layout planning"
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Planning that involves decisions about the physical arrangement of economic activity centers needed by a facility's various processes.
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Define "economic activity center"
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Anything that consumes space; e.g. a person or group of people, reception area, machine, storage room, aisle
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What are the 2 dimensions of location?
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1. relative location
2. absolute location |
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What are the 4 basic layout types?
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1. flexible flow
2. line flow 3. hybrid 4. fixed position |
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of a process layout?
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Advantages:
-flexibility -operations independence -low capital cost -high design quality Disadvantages: -inefficiency -high labor costs -high materials handling cost -inconsistency |
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of a product layout?
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Advantages:
-efficiency -low labor cost -low materials handling cost -consistent output Disadvantages: -inflexible -dependence among operations -high capital cost |
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Define "flexible-flow layout"
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A layout that organizes resources by function rather than by service or product
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Define "line-flow layout"
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A layout in which workstations or departments are arranged in a linear path
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Define "hybrid layout"
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An arrangement in which some portions of the facility have a flexible-flow layout and others have a line-flow layout
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Define "fixed position layout"
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An arrangement in which the service or manufacturing site is fixed in place; employees, along with their equipment, come to the site to do their work
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Define "OWMM cell"
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One-worker, multiple-machines cell: a 1-person cell in which a worker operates several different machines simultaneously to achieve a line flow
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Define "group technology (GT)"
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An option for achieving line-flow layouts w/low-volume processes; creates cells not limited to just one worker and has a unique way of selecting work to be done by the cell
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What are the 3 basic steps in designing or revising a flexible-flow layout?
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1. Gather info
2. Develop a block plan 3. Design a detailed layout |
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Define "Euclidean distance"
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straight-line distance between 2 points
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Define "rectilinear distance"
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distance between 2 points with a series of 90 degree turns, as along city blocks
dAB = |xA-xB| + |yA-yB| |
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Define "line balancing"
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the assignment of work to stations in a line so as to achieve the desired output rate with the smallest # of workstations
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Equation for cycle time
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c = 1/r
c=cycle time in hrs per unit r=desired output rate in units per hour |
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Define "theoretical minimum (TM)"
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A benchmark or goal for the smallest # of stations possible, where the total time required to assemble each unit (sum of all work-element standard times) is divided by the cycle time
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What are 3 things that minimizing the # of stations automatically ensures?
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1. minimal idle time
2. maximal efficiency 3. minimal balance delay |
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Equation for idle time
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total unproductive time for all stations in the assemble of each unit
idle time = nc - sumt n=# stations c=cycle time sum t= total standard time require to assemble each unit |
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Equation for efficiency
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ratio of productive time to total time
efficiency (%)= sumt / nc (100) |
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Equation for balance delay
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amt by which efficiency falls short of 100%
balance delay (%) = 1-efficiency |
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What are some issues for a process layout?
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-relative location of various machines, processes, and offices to minimize the relevant costs involved
-many solutions: N! (finding optimal solution in most cases is impractical) -the use of trial and error, heuristics, and computer programs (ALDEP and CRAFT) |
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What are some issues for a product layout?
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-Line balancing
-demand rate -technology of production -= distribution of work among stations -cycle time |
