Operant Conditioning And Development

Front 1

Edward Thorndike

Back 1

Puzzle box- put a cat in a box and once it had figured out how to pull the string it got a reward

Front 2

Thorndike Law of effect

Back 2

pleasing outcome will increase the behavior that lead to the effect. An adverse outcome will lead to a decrease in the behavior.

Front 3

BF Skinner

Back 3

mice in a box had to push bar for food

radical behaviorism- all behavior is based on rewards and punishments.

Front 4

Positive reinforcement

Back 4

GIVES a reward for behavior

Front 5

Negative reinforcement

Back 5

Someone preforms the behavior to take away an unwanted stimulus

Front 6

what is the difference between a reinforcement and punishment?

Back 6

reinforcement is trying to increase behavior

Punishment is trying to decrease behavior

Front 7

Positive punishment

Back 7

spanking

Front 8

Negative punishment

Back 8

taking away a desired thing- like playtime or a favorite doll

Front 9

Shaping

Back 9

Reinforcing a behavior through a series of small steps

Front 10

Wolfgang Kohler

Back 10

Watched monkeys stack crates to get a bananna- saw that the monkeys put this together in a series of small steps.

Front 11

EC Tolman

Back 11

cognitive maps and latent learning- lead mice around a maze in a cart, and although there was no reward/punishment system, the mice who had been lead around the maze knew the maze better than the mice who had not.

Front 12

Bandura

Back 12

Blow up doll

-We learn by watching
ie, agressive models increase our tendancy to act agressively

Front 13

Development

Back 13

Development

Front 14

Critical period

Back 14

A developmental milestone MUST be reached within a certain or else it will not be reached at all.

Front 15

Sensitive period

Back 15

Can develop the talent withing a realtively large window.

Front 16

What is a cross sectional research design?

Back 16

Looking at different ages all at the same time

Front 17

What is a Longitudinal research design?

Back 17

The long way: taking one sample and following them through their lives.

Front 18

What is the cepholodocaudal principle?

Back 18

Motor development in babies travels from the head to the feel

Front 19

proximo distal principle

Back 19

Motor control develops from the midline outward

Front 20

What is a key feature of the sensorimotor period?

Back 20

-Babies develop object permanance
-

Front 21

Key features of the properational

Back 21

Emergence of imagination
symbolic thought
sharing issues

Front 22

Key features of the concrete operational

Back 22

reversibility
conservation of mass and volume

Front 23

formal operational

Back 23

complex concepts of truth death and justice

Front 24

inductive reasoning

Back 24

looking at the little things and drawing a big conclusion

Front 25

Bias of inductive reasoning
Framing

Back 25

50% success rate
50% failure rate of a drug

If we hear the success rate, we are more likely to draw the conclusion that the drug is effective.

Front 26

Representative bias

Back 26

People overusing prototypical information

Front 27

Availibility bias

Back 27

Think of words that have d as a letter in the 3rd position. it is easier to think of words with d as the first letter

Front 28

conformation bias

Back 28

we look for cues to confirm a belief

Front 29

Fluid intelligence

Back 29

how well wired your brain is--> this decreases over time

Front 30

crystallized intelligence

Back 30

Facts obtained over time. This increases with age.

Front 31

Lawrence Kohlberg

Back 31

stealing the cancer drug scenario.

Front 32

Moral development

Back 32

Freudian perspective
Social learning perspective (watching and learning what is right from wrong)
Cognitive development perspective of moral development

Front 33

presynaptic facilitaion

Back 33

more neurotransmitter is released form the site once learning has taken place.

Front 34

assimilation

Back 34

sensorimotor period
children use schemas they already have to adapt to the environment: childen assimilate rattles into their sucking schema

Front 35

accomodation

Back 35

a schema accomodates the rattle as the child grows. New information requires and existing schema to expand or a new schema to be created.

Front 36

zone of proximal development

Back 36

pushing a child beyone where they are to better reach their potential

Front 37

fixed ratio schedule

Back 37

participants produce a specific number of responses to get the desired reward

Front 38

variable ratio schedule

Back 38

number of responses varies between rewards.

Front 39

fixed interval schedule

Back 39

reward comes after specific time intervals

Front 40

variable interval schedule

Back 40

drug testing. when the time between rewards is random