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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reinforcement
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behavior will either continue or increase
(if subject is doing something) |
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Negative Reinforcement
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something negative is taken away after behavior and organism gets 'pleasure' from removal (if after doing something, another thing is removed)
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Positive Reinforcement
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something that the organism finds positive is added after behavior occurs (if after doing something the subject gets something)
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Punishment
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something negative is added after behavior occurs and the behavior lessens or goes away (if subject stops doing something)
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Subject
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who is doing the behaving
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Operant Conditioning
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behaviors are voluntary
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B.F. Skinner
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extended Thorndike's research (cat pulling cord to get food in puzzle box). used a box with a mouse in it and a food dispenser
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Continuous Reinforcement
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reinforce after every behavior, great for learning, fast extinction
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Extinction
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if you stop reinforcing a behavior, it decreases
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Fixed Interval
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reinforcement of a behavior that happens within a set amount of time (ex. weekly quiz)
extinction rates are quick |
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Variable Interval
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reinforcement of a behavior that happens within a changing amount of time (ex. pop quiz)
extinction rates are slow and gradual |
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Fixed Ratio
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reinforced after a behavior occurs a certain # of times (ex. buy 2 get one free)
extinction rates are easy |
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Variable Ratio
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reinforced after a variable # of behaviors (always changing; ex: slot machines)
most difficult to extinguish |
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Shaping
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adding behaviors to the repetoire, reinforcing some approximation of the target behavior
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Successive Approximations
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steps toward the target behavior
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Rules for Shaping
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1. define target behavior
2. reinforce successive approximations 3. monitor results |
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Chaining
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the reinforcement of successive elements of a behavior chain
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Rules for Chaining
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1. learn behaviors separately
2. learn to follow one task after the other |
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Learning
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relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge brought about as a result of experience or practice
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