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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What classes of drugs to treat HTN (Hypertension)?
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α2 Adrenergic Agonists
α1-blockers Cardioselective β1-blockers Non-selective β-blockers α1, β1, β2 - blockers ACE-Inhibitors (ACE-Is) Angiotensin-2-Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Thiazide Diuretics Loop Diuretics Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Aldosterone Blockers) Combination drugs for hypertension |
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α2 Adrenergic Agonists
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clonidine (Catapres) (KLON i deen)
Not a first-line drug for HTN; it reduces BP well but doesn't reduce M/M associated with HTN α-2 receptors are inhibitory in nature decreased norepinephrine decreased sympathetic output decreased BP mildly decreased HR Adverse Effects • Orthostatic hypotension & dizziness, headache • Anticholinergic: sedation (35%) dry mouth (40%), constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision • Rebound fluid retention • Warning: Abrupt withdrawal causes severe rebound HTN. Taper over 3 – 4 days |
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α1-blockers
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-osin
Mechanism of Action • Competitive blocking of α1-receptors • HTN: Lowers BP through vasodilation. Relaxes both arterial and venous smooth muscle surrounding some blood vessels • BPH: Relax smooth muscle of bladder neck & prostate, which improves urine flow in BPH Therapeutic Uses • Not a first-line drug for HTN; it reduces BP well but doesn’t reduce M/M associated w/HTN • BPH: treat symptoms of urinary retention associated with BPH • Raynaud’s disease (vasoconstriction disease) Adverse Effects • Orthostatic hypotension (>10%). Warn patient about this! “First Dose Effect” – syncope (fainting) following the 1st dose. To minimize falls, instruct patient about orthostatic hypotension & is usually dosed at bedtime. • The BPH selective α1 blockers are less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension • Reflex tachycardia, reflex sodium and water retention (edema) • Dizziness, lack of energy, drowsiness, nasal congestion, headache |
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Cardioselective β1-blockers
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-olol
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Non-selective β-blockers
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propranolol (Inderal) (proe PRAN oh lol)
nadolol (Corgard) (nay DOE lol) pindolol (Visken) ISA (PIN doe lol) |
