One Liners Pharm Hematology And Oncology

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Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias

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Ferrous sulfate

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Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number

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Log-kill hypothesis

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Chelating agent used in acute iron toxicity

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Deferoxamine

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Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant

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Warfarin (PT)

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Agent for pernicious anemia

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Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)

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Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously

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Pulse therapy

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Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia

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Vitamin B12

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Warfarin is contraindicated in

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Pregnancy

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Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy

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Folic acid

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Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents

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Rescue therapy

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Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure

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Erythropoietin

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Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy

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Heparin

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Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy

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G-CSF (filgrastim) and GM-CSF (sargramostim)

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Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates

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Allopurinol

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Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy

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Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)

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Heparin (PTT) increases activity of

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Antithrombin 3

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Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thymine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue

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5-flouracil (5-FU)

Note: methotrexate also received leucovorin

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Route of administration of warfarin

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Oral

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Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms

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Prednisone

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Routes of administration of heparin

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IV and IM (only LMW)

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Side effect of Mitomycin

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SEVERE myelosuppression

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SE of both warfarin and heparin

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Bleeding

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MOA of cisplatin

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Alkylating agent

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SE of heparin

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Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

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Common toxicities of cisplatin

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Nephro and ototoxicity

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Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops

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Lepirudin

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Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

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6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

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Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin

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Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma

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Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP

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Allopurinol

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Antidote to reverse actions of heparin

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Protamine sulfate

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May protect against doxorubicin toxic by scavenging free radicals

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Dexrazoxane

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MOA of aspirin

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Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase

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Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis

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Bleomycin

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Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI

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Aspirin, metoprolol

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Bleomycin+vinblastine+etoposide+cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm

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Testicular cancer

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SE of Aspirin

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GI bleeding

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MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin's disease (HD)

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Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone

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Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin

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Ticlopidine

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ABVD regimen used for HD, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP

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Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin, vinblastine +dacarbazine

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SE for ticlopidine

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Neutropenia and agranulocytosis

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Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

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CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus rituximab

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Effective in preventing TIA's

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Clopidogrel and ticlopidine

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Regimen used for breast cancer

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CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+

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Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve

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Dipyridamole

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Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

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Mechlorethamine

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Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross-linking

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Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide

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Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

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Cyclophosphamide

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MOA of thrombolytics

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Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV

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Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

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Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)

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Thrombolytics are used for

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Pulmonary embolism and DVT

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Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation

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Vincristine

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Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction

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Streptokinase

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Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase

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Paclitaxel (taxol)

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Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA

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Tissue plasmin activator

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Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides

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Cisplatin

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SE of tPA

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Cerebral hemorrhage

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Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression

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Carboplatin

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Antidote for thrombolytics

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Aminocaproic acid

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Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)

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L-asparaginase

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Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells

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Interferon alpha

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Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

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Flutamide (Eulexin)

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Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer

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Tamoxifen

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Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

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Letrozole, anastrozole

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Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer

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Toremifene (Fareston)

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Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs

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Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)

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Some cell cycle non-specific drugs

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Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea

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Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonist

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Odansetron, granisetron

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Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors

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Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)

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Produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol

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Procarbazine