One Liners Pharm Endocrine/reproductive

Front 1

3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products

Back 1

Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC), and reticularis (adrenal androgens)

Front 2

Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss

Back 2

Estrogen

Front 3

Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex

Back 3

GFR

Front 4

Alpha cells in the pancreas

Back 4

Produce glucagon

Front 5

Used for Addison's disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation)

Back 5

Glucocorticoids

Front 6

Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively

Back 6

Clomiphene and tamoxifen

Front 7

Short acting GC's

Back 7

Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol)

Front 8

Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain

Back 8

L-thyroxine (T4)

Front 9

Intermediate acting GC's

Back 9

Prednisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone

Front 10

Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene

Back 10

Hot flashes

Front 11

Long acting GC's

Back 11

Betamethasone, dexamethasone, and paramethasone

Front 12

Beta cells in the pancreas

Back 12

Produce insulin

Front 13

Mineralocorticoids

Back 13

Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone

Front 14

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study)

Back 14

Raloxifene

Front 15

Some side effects of corticosteroids

Back 15

Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis, stria, thinning of skin

Front 16

Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly, carcinoid, glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors

Back 16

Octreotide

Front 17

Period of time of therapy after which GC therapy will need to be tapered

Back 17

5-7 days

Front 18

Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy

Back 18

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 19

Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid) and sometimes for adrenal function test

Back 19

Metyrapone

Front 20

Beta cells are found

Back 20

Islets of Langerhans

Front 21

Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis

Back 21

Aminoglutethimide

Front 22

Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)

Back 22

Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol

Front 23

Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids

Back 23

Ketoconazole

Front 24

T3 compound less widely used

Back 24

Cytomel

Front 25

Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor

Back 25

Mifepristone

Front 26

Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient

Back 26

Mifepristone (RU-486)

Front 27

Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors

Back 27

Spironolactone

Front 28

Delta cells in the pancreas

Back 28

Produce Somatostatin

Front 29

Common SE of spironolactone

Back 29

Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia

Front 30

Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)

Back 30

Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

Front 31

Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid)

Back 31

Dexamethasone suppression test

Front 32

Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism)

Back 32

Somatrem

Front 33

Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch

Back 33

Ortho-Evra

Front 34

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse

Back 34

C-peptide

Front 35

Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase

Back 35

Testosterone

Front 36

Anti-thyroid drugs

Back 36

Thioamides, iodides, radioactive iodine, and ipodate

Front 37

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness

Back 37

Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)

Front 38

Exogenous insulin

Back 38

Little C-peptide

Front 39

Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse

Back 39

Nandrolone, oxymetholone, oxandrolone, and stanozolol (?)

Front 40

GHRH analog used as diagnostic agent

Back 40

Sermorelin

Front 41

Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females

Back 41

Cyproterone acetate

Front 42

Endogenous insulin

Back 42

Normal C-peptide

Front 43

Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility

Back 43

Leuprolide

Front 44

Thioamide agents used in hyperthyroidism

Back 44

Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)

Front 45

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Back 45

Lispro (Humalog)

Front 46

GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively

Back 46

Leuprolide

Front 47

Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Back 47

Regular (Humulin R)

Front 48

Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy

Back 48

PTU

Front 49

Long acting insulin

Back 49

Ultralente (humulin U)

Front 50

GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects, used for infertility

Back 50

Ganirelix

Front 51

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Back 51

Glargine (Lantus)

Front 52

PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA

Back 52

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin

Front 53

Major SE of insulin

Back 53

Hypoglycemia

Front 54

Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson's disease), used also for hyperprolactinemia

Back 54

Bromocriptine

Front 55

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Back 55

GLUT 2

Front 56

Can be effective for short term therapy of thyroid storm, but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism

Back 56

Iodide salts

Front 57

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Back 57

GLUT 4

Front 58

Hormone inhibiting prolactin release

Back 58

Dopamine

Front 59

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 59

Acarbose, miglitol

Front 60

Dose may need to be increased during pregnancy or with Ocs due to increased TBG in plasma

Back 60

Thyroxine

Front 61

MOA of AGI's

Back 61

Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides

Front 62

ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality

Back 62

Cosyntropin

Front 63

SE of AGI's

Back 63

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Front 64

Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis, patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter. Contraindicated in pregnancy

Back 64

Radioactive iodine

Front 65

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's

Back 65

Acarbose

Front 66

Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis

Back 66

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 67

Amino acid derivative

Back 67

Nateglinide

Front 68

Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Back 68

Ipodate

Front 69

MOA of nateglinide

Back 69

Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP-sensitive K+ channel

Front 70

SE of OCs

Back 70

Increased thromboembolic events

Front 71

Biguanide

Back 71

Metformin

Front 72

Block cardiac adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis such as tachycardia, inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Back 72

Beta-blockers such as propranolol

Front 73

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Back 73

Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

Front 74

Vitamins containing iron should NOT be taken simultaneously with levothyroxine because

Back 74

Iron deiodinates thyroxine

Front 75

MOA of metformin

Back 75

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Front 76

Thyroxine dose may need to be increased in hypothyroid patient during pregnancy because

Back 76

Estogens increase maternal TBG

Front 77

Most important potential SE of metformin

Back 77

Lactic acidosis

Front 78

Meglitinide

Back 78

Repaglinide

Front 79

MOA of repaglinide

Back 79

Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea

Front 80

First generation sulfonylurea

Back 80

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.

Front 81

Second generation sulfonylurea

Back 81

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

Front 82

MOA of both generations

Back 82

Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

Front 83

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Back 83

Hypoglycemia

Front 84

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Back 84

Chlorpropamide

Front 85

Thiazolidinediones

Back 85

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

Front 86

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Back 86

Hepatic toxicity

Front 87

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Back 87

Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Front 88

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Back 88

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CYP 450 3A4 metabolism

Front 89

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Back 89

Glucagon

Front 90

Vascular effects of metformin

Back 90

Decreased micro and macro vascular disease

Front 91

Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin

Back 91

None

Front 92

Rapid acting insulins that do not self-aggregate

Back 92

lispro insulin, aspart insulin, glulisine insulin

Front 93

Peakless ling acting insulin

Back 93

Insulin glargine