Oncology Pharm Flash Cards

Front 1

Methotrexate (MTX)

Back 1

MOA:
Folic Acid anolog that inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase--> ↓ DNA and Protein synthesis

ADVERSE :
1. Myelosupression (reverse with Leucovorin (folic acid) rescue
2. MacroVesicular fatty change in liver
3. Mucositis
4. Teratogenic

Front 2

5-Flourouracil (5-FU)

Back 2

Pyrimidine Analog(bioactived)
to 5F-dUMP--> which covalently complexes with folic acid.
This complex inhibits Thymidilate synthase--> ↓ dTMP---> ↓ DNA and ↓ protein synthesis

AE: Myelosupression Not reversible with Leucovorin
Antidote : THymidine
2. Photo sensitivity

Front 3

6- Mercaptopurine(6-MP)

Back 3

Purine (thiol) anolog
---> ↓ denovo synthesis of purines
Activated by HGPRTase

AE:
Bone Marrow depression,
liver,
Can be given with Alopurinol

Front 4

Cytarabine (ara C)

Back 4

MOA: Pyrimadine antagonist
--> Inhibition of DNA Polymerase
AE:
Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Megaloplastic anemia

Front 5

DactinoMycin

Back 5

MOA: Intercalates in DNA

AE:
Myelosuppresion

Front 6

Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
Daunorubicin

Back 6

MOA: Generate free radicals.
Non Covalently intercalates
in DNA--> Breakin DNA-->↓ replication

AE:
Cardiotoxicity
Myelosupression and alopecia Toxic to tissue with extravisation

Front 7

Bleomycin

Back 7

MOA:
Induces free radical formation which causes break in DNA strands
Testicular Cancer, hodgkins lymphoma
AE:

Pulmonary fibrosis, Minimal myelosuppresion

Front 8

Etoposide (teniposide)

Back 8

MOA: Inhibits topoisomerase 2
--> ↑ DNA degradation

AE:
Myelosuppresion
GI irritation
Alopecia

Front 9

Cyclophosphamide
ifosfamide

Back 9

MOA: Covalently
X linked (interstrand) Dna at Guanine N-7 require biactivation by liver
Toxicity:
myelosuppression
Hemorrhagic cystitis,
Partially prevented with Mesna (thiol grop of mesna binds toxic metabolite)

Front 10

Nitrosoureas
Carmustine,Lomustine,Semustine, streptozocin

Back 10

Requires Biactivation
Cross blood brain pbarrier to cns
Toxicity (dizziness, ataxia)

Front 11

Busulfan

Back 11

Alkylates DNA

AE:
Pulmonary FIBROSIS
hyperpigmentation

Front 12

VIncristin,
Vinblastine

Back 12

Alkaloids that bind Tubulin in M-phase
and block polymerization of microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot form. Microtubles are vines of your cells

Tox:
Vincristine- Neurotox(areflexia, peripheral neuritis) Paralytic ileus)
Vinblastin( Bone Marrow supression)

Front 13

Paclitaxel

Back 13

Hyperstabilizes polymerized microtubules in M-phase so that mitoti spindile cannot break down (anaphase can not occur)

AE:
Myelosupression
and Hypersenstivity

Front 14

Cisplatin, Carboplatin

Back 14

MOA: Cross link DNA
TOX
Nephrotox, Acoustic Nerve Damage

Front 15

HydroxyUREA

Back 15

MOA: inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase---> ↓ DNA synthesis (s-phase specific)
AE:
Bone Marro Supression, GI Upset

Front 16

Prednisone

Back 16

MOA: may trigger apoptosis may even work on non dividing cells

AE:
Cushing like symptoms: Immunosuppresion, cataract, acne, osteoperosis, HTN, Peptic ulcer hyperglycemia, psychosis

Front 17

osteoid Osteoma

Back 17

interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surroded b osteoblast
<2 cm found in proximal Tibia and femur... Most common men < 25

Front 18

Osteoblastoma

Back 18

interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surroded b osteoblast
larger though then osteoblastoma.... Found in vertebral colomn

Front 19

Giant Cell tumor
Osteoclastoma

Back 19

Occurs most commonly at epiphysial end of long bones Peak incidence 20-40 years of age locally aggressive bening tumor often around the distal femur . proximal tibial region kneeI (characteristic Double buble or soap buble appearance on xray spindlle shapped cells with multinucleated giant cells

Front 20

Osteochondroma

Back 20

Mostly bening bone tumor mature bone with cartilaginous cap. Usaully in men <25 yo Commonly originates from long metaphysis ...
Malignant transfromation to Chondrosarcoma (RARE)

Front 21

Enchondroma

Back 21

Benign cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone (usually distal extremities vs. Chondrosarcoma)

Front 22

OsteoSarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

Back 22

2nd most common 1° malignant tumor of bone (after Mutltiple myeloma)
Peak incindecnt men 10-20 years old...
Commonly found in the metaphysis of long bone often around distal femur, proximal tibial region (knee)
Predisposing factors include pagets disesae of bone, bone infacrt, irradiation, familial retinoplastoma.
CODMANS Traingle or sunburst pattern (elevation of periosteum) on X ray---> poor prognosis

Front 23

Ewing Sarcoma

Back 23

t(11:22) Anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor most comon in boys <15. Extremely aggressive with early mets. but responsive to chemotherapy. Charateristic (ONION SKIN appearns in bone)
Commonly appears in diaphysis of long bones. pelves .scapula and ribs

Front 24

Chondrosarcoma

Back 24

Malignant Cartilagionous tumor
Most common in men 30-60 usually located in pelvis spine scapula humerous tibia or femor... may be 1° origin or from osteochondroma ... expansile glistenin mass within meddulary cavitt