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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neoplasm
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aka Tumor.
Disturbance or growth characterized by excessive proliferation of cells without apparent relation to the physiologic demands of the organ involved |
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Benign tumors
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-limited potential for local growth
-do not metastasize -names end in -oma ---->exceptions: lymphoma and multiple myeloma, which are both malignant tumors |
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Malignant tumors
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-local invasion
-metastasis -anaplasia (loss of normal cell differentiation) -high growth rate |
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Carcinoma
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epithelial cell malignant tumor
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Sarcoma
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malignant tumor of mesenchymal (structural tissue) origin
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Round cell tumors
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All malignant tumors:
-leukemia, lymphoma, lymphosarcoma -MCTs -plasma cell tumors (multiple myeloma) -histiocytic tumor -transmissible venereal tumors |
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Leukemia
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Cancer that develops in the blood and blood-forming organs
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Lymphoma
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Cancer that develops in cells of lymph nodes
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Myeloma
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Cancer of antibody-forming cells, plasma cells and bone marrow
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Anaplasia
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loss of cellular differentiation or orientation
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Desmoplasia
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Excessive fibrous tissue
-Normal tissue around the tumor tissue can take on an abnormal appearance too. |
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Schirrous
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extensive desmoplasia
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Metaplasia
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One mature cell type is converted/replaced by another mature type
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Hyperplasia
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Increase in the number of differentiated, non-neoplastic cells in a tissue
--concerning, and might lead to cancer down the road, but is not cancer yet |
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Carcinoma in situ
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An epithelial tumor with no invasion of mesenchyme--precancer
--good time to get this tissue out |
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Tumor grade
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Histologic estimate of degree of malignancy of a tumor
--Based on differentiation, invasiveness, necrosis, hemorrhage |
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Tumor stage
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A clinical method used to estimate the extend of spread of cancer
--T= tumor --N= node --M= metastasis |
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Development of cancer
--Initiation --Promotion --Progression |
-Initiation: permanent, irreversible change in genome
-Promotion: expansion of initiated cells, reversible -Progression: acquisition of malignant phenotype; genetic changes affecting invasion/metastasis |
