Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
178 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
CD 38 and 138
|
plasma cell
|
|
|
CD 34
|
Pro, PrePre or Pre B cell
|
|
|
CD 22
|
only in a mature (resting or activated) B cell
|
|
|
Tcell with CD34 and TdT
|
immature (they are lost in maturation)
|
|
|
HLA DR
|
B cells at all stages
T cells at only precursor/pro stage |
|
|
CD22
|
only in mature Bs
|
|
|
cd 34, 19, 10
|
only in B cell precursors
|
|
|
CD 20
|
in all B cells from pre-pre to mature
|
|
|
TCRa/b
CD3 |
only in mature T cells (helper and CT)
|
|
|
CD7, 2
|
go from pro-thymocyte to mature T cell of both kinds
|
|
|
CD 5
|
goes from immature to mature T cells
|
|
|
CD 45
|
pan hematopoietic
|
|
|
CD43
|
pan hematopoietic
|
|
|
CD79
|
pre-B to activted B
|
|
|
Pax5
|
B cell
|
|
|
MUM1
|
B cell
|
|
|
CD10
|
gerninal center B
|
|
|
Bcl-6
|
Germinal center B cells
|
|
|
HGAL
|
Germinal center B cells
|
|
|
CD 21
|
follicular dendritic cell
|
|
|
CD 23
|
follicular dendritic cell
|
|
|
CD 35
|
follicular dendritic cell
|
|
|
CD 38 and 138
|
Plasma cells
|
|
|
CD1a
|
Plasma cells
|
|
|
CD 30
|
activated lymphoid cells
|
|
|
CD 23
|
activated lymphoid cells
|
|
|
CD56
|
NK cells
|
|
|
CD 57
|
NK cells
|
|
|
Bcl-2
|
anti-apoptotic protein found onliy in mature B cells and so not in germinal center
|
|
|
NHL B cell lymphoma is most common in
|
developed countries
|
|
|
NK lymphome is most common in
|
Asia
|
|
|
Burkitt lymphoma is common in
|
Africa
|
|
|
T cell lymphoma is most common in
|
Japan and Caribbean
|
|
|
HTLV-1 infection
|
T cell leukemia/lymphoma
|
|
|
EBV
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
|
HHV-8
|
primary effusion lymphoma
|
|
|
HCV
|
marginal zone (esp splenic) lymphoma
|
|
|
H pylori
|
gastric MALT lymphoma
|
|
|
t(14;18)
|
folicular lymphoma
|
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
(involves cmyc and igh) |
|
|
t(11;14)
|
bcl1 and igh
mantle cell lymphoma |
|
|
MIM1
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
|
CD10 and Bcl-6+
MUM1- |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma - Germinal Center origin
|
|
|
Bcl2
can express Bcl6 express MUM1 CD10- |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (NHL) - activated Bcell-like type
|
|
|
CD10
CD20 Bcl-2 |
NHL - Follicular Lymphoma
|
|
|
Giemsa stain shows deeply blue cytoplasm, typically vacuolated
medium size cells macrophages in background |
Burkitt lymphoma
|
|
|
minority of neoplastic lymphoid cells against an inflammatory/reactive background
|
Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
|
L&H, popcorn cells
|
Nodular lymphocyte predominant form of Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
|
CD 20
CD 10 Bcl6 |
Popcorn cells in nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
|
reed-Sternberg cells
|
classical Hodgkin Lymphocytes
|
|
|
cells expressing
CD30 CD15 Pax5 |
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma of all four varieties
|
|
|
lacunar cells
|
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma - Nodular sclerosis type
|
|
|
LDH elevated
|
lymphoma
but it's a marker in serum that is elevated in any situation of rapid turnover, including liver damage, hemolysis, myocardial damage, so be careful can be used to follow pts in treatment |
|
|
lymphoma growning from one set of nodes to the next in a predictable way
|
Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
|
EBV
|
Burkitt's
NK-T lymphoma PTLD |
|
|
HTLV-1
|
T cell lymphocytic lymphoma
|
|
|
Borrellia bergdorfi
|
B cell lymphomas of skinn
(Borrelia is lyme disease) |
|
|
immunosuppression associated with what kind of lymphoma
|
NHL
|
|
|
Psoriasis
|
micosis fungiodes
|
|
|
Sjogrens
|
low grade lymphomas
|
|
|
CD 56
CD 16 EBV + usually |
NK-T cell lymphoma
|
|
|
clonal expxnsion
|
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
|
lymphoma from post germinal center
|
think Hodgkins vs. NHL
|
|
|
CD20+ only
|
Diffuse large B-cell NHL
|
|
|
CD20+, CD10+, CD5-
|
Folliclular lymphoma
|
|
|
Indolent
|
Follicular lymphoma
|
|
|
SVC
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
SIADH
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
Eaton Lambert
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
Subacute cerebellar degeneration
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
peripheral neuropathies
|
small cell lung cancers
|
|
|
hypercalcemia due to PTHrP
|
non small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
Pulmonary osteoarthropathy
|
non small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
LDH
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
smoking
|
small cell lung cancer
|
|
|
KRAS -
EGFR mutated |
non small cell stage 4 likely to respond to erlotinib/tarceva
|
|
|
VEGF associated with which Rx
|
bevacizumab
|
|
|
ecadherin
|
loosening of association that allow access to the BM for metastasis
|
|
|
beta catenin
|
sequestered by e cadherin
it's a cell proliferator inhibited by APC gene promoted by WNT in FAP it's on because the APC mutation inhibits its inhibition mutated more often than APC in MMR-deficient colorectal tumors |
|
|
SNAIL or TWIST
|
genes that decrease ecadherin synthesis
|
|
|
MMP9
|
breaks down BM type IV collagen
|
|
|
angiopoietins, e.g., Ang-1
|
binds Tie 2 receptor and brings in smooth muscle pericytes needed for vessel proliferation
|
|
|
HIF 1alpha
|
induced by hypoxia and activates VEGFR
|
|
|
thrombospondin-1
|
anti VEGF
|
|
|
CXCR4 and 7
|
receptors on tumor cells that accept ligands from CXCL 12 and 21 in bone, lung, liver
enables metastasis and tx! |
|
|
Krukenberg tumor
|
bilateral ovarian mets
|
|
|
Virchow's node
|
supraclavicular node
|
|
|
signet ring
|
gastric cancer
|
|
|
cox 2 inhibitors
|
thrombosis
|
|
|
HNPCC
|
colorectal cancer
endometrial cancer stomach, biliary, urinary, ovarian cancers |
|
|
APC gene
|
mutated in FAP
duodenal cancers desmoid tumors CHRPE (congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment) mitotic checkpoint defect |
|
|
apple core lesion
|
left sided colon cancer
|
|
|
18qLOH
|
bad prognosis in colon cancer
|
|
|
MSI
|
good prognosis in colon cancer
(microsatellite instability) |
|
|
Virchow's node
|
metastatic spread of colon cancer
|
|
|
MSH2
|
HNPCC
|
|
|
SMAD4
|
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
growth inhibitor (so proliferator if mutated) |
|
|
BMP1A
|
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
if mutated, SMAD is turned off and so growth is not inhibited |
|
|
KRAS
|
sporadic colorectal cancer (mutated in 50%)
sporadic adenomas (mutated in 50%) one hit only is enough to make it permanently on |
|
|
B-RAF
|
colorectal cancer (mutated in 20%)
|
|
|
p53
|
carcinomas (50-80%)
NOT adenomas G1 and G2 checkpoint defect |
|
|
MDM2
|
inhibits p53
|
|
|
TGFbeta RII
|
colon cancer
adenoma --> carcinoma |
|
|
MMR
|
colon cancer
defects associated with diploid karyotype and 1000x mutation rate there's always inactivation of TGFbeta type II Receptor in MMR deficient cases |
|
|
aneuploidy
|
colorectal cancer
|
|
|
Chromosome 18q
|
lost in 80% of colorectal cancers involving aneupoidy
|
|
|
WNT
|
its pathway is targeted in all colorectal cancers
|
|
|
BRCA1/2
|
Breast cancer
Ovarian cancer |
|
|
mammographic density
|
4-6x risk of breast cancer
|
|
|
ADH
|
4-5 risk for invasive cancer bilaterally
|
|
|
ADH plus family hx of breast cancer
|
8-10x risk for breast cancer. Risk is bilateral
|
|
|
bloody discharge
|
indraductal papilloma (benign)
|
|
|
tree-like arborization in breast tissue
|
intraductal papilloma
|
|
|
microcalcifications in breast tissue
|
in site intraductal carcinoma
|
|
|
HER2 (+)
|
Paget's disease (not the only HER2 +)
|
|
|
e cadherin negative breast tissue
|
In situ and invasive lobular carcinoma
|
|
|
Indian file appearance in breast tissue
|
Invasive lobular carcinoma
|
|
|
Bull's eye in breast tissue
|
invasive lobular carcinoma
|
|
|
cribriform breast tissue
|
ADH
(also one pattern of ductal carcinoma in situ) |
|
|
bilateral risk in breast cancer
|
ADH
Lobular carcinoma (in situ/invasive) |
|
|
nipple discharge, crusting, excoriation
|
Paget's disease
|
|
|
CK 8/18 in breast tissue
|
Lumina A
|
|
|
ER+, HER2+
|
Luminal B
|
|
|
ER-, PR-, HER2-
CK 5/6, 14, 17 |
Basal like cancers (very bad)
What BRCA patients have |
|
|
AR+ breast tissue
|
Moleular apocrine type (5)
|
|
|
ER-, HER2+
|
Molecular apocrine type (5)
|
|
|
bimodal age distribution
|
sarcomas
|
|
|
KIT
|
GIST
|
|
|
PDGFRA
|
GIST
|
|
|
EBV
|
leiomyosarcoma
lymphoma |
|
|
agent orange
|
peripheral soft tissue sarcomas
|
|
|
retained metal objects
|
angiosarcoma
osteosarcoma MFH |
|
|
lymphedema
|
angiosarcoma
|
|
|
Schwann cell
|
schwannoma
neurofibroma MPNST |
|
|
interstitial cell
|
GIST
|
|
|
lung
|
main site for bone mets
|
|
|
metaphysis of distal femur
|
osteochondroma site
|
|
|
exostosis
|
outgrowth of mature bone seen in osteochondroma
|
|
|
medullary site in small tubular bones in hands and feet
|
chondroma
|
|
|
medullary site in pelvic bones, proximal femur, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, femur
|
chondrosarcoma
|
|
|
expansile glistening mass in medullary cavity
|
chondrosarcoma
|
|
|
lung mets
|
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma |
|
|
Gardner's polyposis syndrome (FAP)
|
osteoma associated with it
|
|
|
new piece of bone growing on another piece of bone
|
osteoma
|
|
|
skull bone growth
|
osteoma
|
|
|
radiolucent focus
|
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma |
|
|
double bubble or soap bubble appearance on xray
|
giant cell bone tumor
|
|
|
associated with Paget's disease
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
|
associated with familial retinoblastoma
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
|
irradiation associated
|
osteosarcome
|
|
|
sunburst appearance on xray
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
|
Codman's triangle on xray
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
|
spindle cells in dermis
|
dermatofibroma
|
|
|
red nodule that umbilicates when squeezed
|
dermatofibroma
|
|
|
tumor in rib in a teenage boy
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
|
|
onion skin appearance around bone
|
Ewings sarcoma
|
|
|
whorled patter of smooth muscle bundles
|
leimyoma
|
|
|
tumor with necrosis and hemorrhage
|
leiomyosarcoma
|
|
|
head and neck tumors in little kids
|
rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
|
pseudo horn cysts
|
seborrheic keratosis
|
|
|
lesions everywhere from too much lifelong sun exposure
|
actinic keratosis
|
|
|
skin carcinoma that does not metastasize
|
basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
melanocytes
|
nevus
melanoma |
|
|
nevus with no pigment
|
spitz nevus
|
|
|
nevus in young kids
|
spitz
|
|
|
nevus that is microscopically very similar to melanoma
|
spitz
dysplastic nevus syndrome |
|
|
nevus with no increased risk of melanoma
|
spitz
|
|
|
nevi with increased risk of melanoma
|
Dysplastic nevus syndrome
|
|
|
melanoma without a long lateral growth phase
|
nodular melanoma
|
|
|
melanoma on palms, soles, mucous membranes
|
acral lentiginous
|
|
|
melanomas that blacks get
|
acral lentiginous
|
|
|
melanoma with melanocytes focused on basal layer
|
lentigo maligna melanoma
|
|
|
melanoma on face
|
lentigo maligna
|
|
|
melanoma where melanocytes are scattered all around epidermis
|
superficial spreading melanoma
|
|
|
melanoma with irregular border and shades of color
|
superficial spreading
|
|
|
melanoma that's impossible to diagnose before metastasis
|
nodular
|
|
|
what is risk of insufficient excision
|
recurrence, not metastasis
|
