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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemotherapy class, source and brand name of VINCRISTINE?
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Plant alkaloid
Extracted from periwinkle plant Oncovin |
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What is the mechanism of action of VINCRISTINE?
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cell cycle specific (M phase)
binds to cytoplasmic tubulin prevents normal formation + function of mitotic spindle arrests cell division in metaphase (cell unable to divide= M phase specific) |
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What is the metabolism of VINCRISTINE?
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hepatic metabolism + excretion in bile
small amount excreted in the urine |
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What are the toxicities of VINCRISTINE?
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A. Slough
B. Gastrointestinal (paralytic ileus/ constipation/ abdominal pain/ vomiting); delayed GI toxicity is possible due to mucosal epithelial damage C. Myelosuppression- minimal- at usual doses, however, when combined with L-asparginase, approx. 20% of dogs with have neut. counts < 1,000 uL 1 wk after treatment D. peripheral neuropathy- rare in vet. patients- axonal degeneration, related to cumulative doses |
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What are the most common uses of VINCRISTINE in clinics?
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Lymphoma, lymphoid leukemias, TVTs, sarcomas , CLL, refractory ITP.
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What is the class and brand name of VINBLASTINE?
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Plant Alkaloid
Velban |
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What is the mechanism of action of VINBLASTINE?
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same as VINCRISTINE
A. cell cycle specific (M phase) B. binds to cytoplasmic tubulin C. prevents normal formation + function of mitotic spindle D. arrests cell division in metaphase (cell unable to divide= M phase specific) |
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What is the metabolism of VINBLASTINE?
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hepatic metabolism + excretion in bile
small amounts excreted in the urine |
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What are the toxicities of VINBLASTINE?
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1. Slough (if given perivascular)
2. GI (delayed GI toxicity is possible; paralytic ileus/ constipation/ abd pain/ vomiting; GI toxicity more common than with Vincristine) 3. Myelosuppressioin- more severe than with Vincristine 4. Peripheral neuropathy- rarely documented in veterinary patients |
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What are the main uses of VINBLASTINE in clinics?
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Canine mast cell tumors.
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What is the class, source and brand name of DOXORUBICIN?
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natural antitumor antibiotic isolated from soil fungi in the genus Streptomyces
Adriamycin |
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What is the mechanism of action of DOXORUBICIN?
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A. cell cycle nonspecific, possibly most active in S phase
B. intercalates b/w nucleotide pairs of double strands of DNA C. free radical production (directly damages cell membranes + cleaves DNA) D. inhibition of Topoisomerase II (enzyme that cleaves + reseals DNA strands during transcription) |
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What is the metabolism of DOXORUBICIN?
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Hepatic
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What are the acute toxicities (during administration) of DOXORUBICIN?
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1. allergic reaction- cutaneous hyperemia, intense pruritis, head shaking, vomiting, restlessness
2. hypotension 3. arrythmias 4. vomiting |
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What are the mechanisms of acute DOXORUBICIN reactions?
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a. not immunologically mediated
b. drug induces direct mast cell degranulation and histamine release c. higher frequency of acute reactions documented using generic doxorubicin product. |
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How do you prevent acute reactions when giving DOXORUBICIN?
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Give it slow!!! 1mg/min
some advocate pre-treatment with diphenhydramine |
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What are the short- term toxicities (1-2 wks after admin) of DOXORUBICIN?
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1. myelosuppression- potential for severe neutropenia
2. GI toxicity (vomiting; colitis (hemorrhagic, unique in dogs) 3. slough- severe extravasation injury if leaks perivascular 4. small dogs have increased GI toxicity and bone marrow suppression when dosed based on body surface area. Mg per kg dosing is preferrable for small dogs. |
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What are the long-term toxicities (cumulative toxicities) of DOXORUBICIN?
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1. alopecia
2. renal toxicity 3. cardiac toxicity: 2 types (acute rxns- non-dose dependent & chronic rxns (most clinically significant & dose-dependent)) |
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What do you need to pay attention to specifically with DOXORUBICIN?
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Cardiac Monitoring- dogs with cardiac murmurs of breeds predisposed to cardiomyopathy need to be evaluated by a cardiologist prior to receiving doxorubicin.
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What are the clinical USES of DOXORUBICIN?
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lymphoma, acute leukemia, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, other sarcomas and carcinomas
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