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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 pways of oncogenesis
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Angiogenesis, Metastasis, Replication, Immune Growth Signals, Evasion of apoptosis
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Contact inhibition
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basically cells will grow until contact with neighbors then stop
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Invadopodium characteristics?
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degrade BM of neighbors via cofilin and n-wasp proteins
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Proto-oncogenes
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undergoe Gain of Function mutation, causes them to start doing something OR lose inhibition of action - this gives rise to Oncogenes
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Families of proto-oncogenes
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G-proteins, Protein Kinases A,C,etc, Txn factors, Cell cycle, apoptosis
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Three mechanisms that give rise to oncogenes?
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Radiation/Chemical carcinogen, gene rearrangement, gene amplification
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Process of carcinogen-->oncogene?
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mutation in coding region or promoter causes excessive expression
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Gene rearrangement/oncogene - how?
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via rearrangement event, a strong promoter is undercontrol of proto-oncogene
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Amplification mechanism?
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somehow multiple copies of protooncogenes are made per 1 txn event, amplifying amounts
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Retinoblastoma is a tumor suppressor, is important in monitoring activity cell cycle. A LOF of Rb results in what?
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cell proliferation
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p53 does what
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monitors cell DNA damage and induces p21 which inhibits cell cycle.
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mutation causing constant binding of gtp to ras would be a GOF/LOF and inc or dec cell proliferation?
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GOF, increase/uncontrolled
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Ras is normally defined as a small g-protein, but can be considered a ?
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proto-oncogene
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apoptosis occurs two ways..?
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membrane via death receptor or mitochondrial via cytochrome c etc
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Over expression of Bcl2 results in?
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anti-apoptosis, >70% of breast cancer individuals have this
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Multiple Hit Hypothesis
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essentially requirement of more than 1 mutation to cause cancer
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One ex of smoking defect
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benzopyrene causes GCbp that can lead to GOF/LOF
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Thymine Dimer
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UV light causes cross-linking between two thymines, xeroderma is condition that inhibits fixing these dimers
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Telomerase
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90% of cancer cells overexpress telomerase, this lengthens telomeres allowing for limitless lifespan
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Senescence
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the time limit to cell growth,
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Burkitt Lymphoma
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Translocation bw chroms 8 & 14 - GOF in cMIK
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