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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Markers for breast cancer
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CA 15-3 (CA 27-29). CEA (actually a colon CA marker
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Breast cancer metastasizes to?
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lung, bone, brain, liver
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Lifetime risk of breast cancer in women?
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was 1 in 8, now 1 in 7
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most reliable means of detecting breast cancer before it can be palpated
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mammography
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Second most common malignancy in men and women but the leading cause of cancer deaths
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Lung CA
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Hoarseness in lung CA is caused by?
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compression of left laryngeal nerve
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3rd most common type of cancer in the US
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colorectal
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Risk Factors for colorectal CA
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Age >50
Personal history of adenomatous polyps, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s colitis) or cancer of the ovary, uterus or breast Family history of polyps or colon cancer Smoking, alcohol consumption, high-fat, high- calorie, low-fiber diets, red meat, obesity and sedentary lifestyle |
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Avastin carries the risk of what serious side effect?
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bowel perforation
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BRCA1 and 2 lead to increased risk of?
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breast and ovarian cancer development
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CA-125 is associated with what type of cancer?
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ovarian. It is not a good screening tool, but is good for monitoring those with the disease
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What condition might you see "peritoneal studding” on laparotomy?
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ovarian CA
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Second most common GYN malignancy?
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uterine/endometrial
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Risk Factors for uterine/endometrial cancer?
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Chronic estrogen exposure (unopposed)
Obesity – esp. with recurrence Nulliparity/early menarche/late menopause Diabetes Polycystic Ovaries Extended use of tamoxifen – cervical stenosis, dyspareunia, infections Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer In utero DES exposure (clear cell) |
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Presenting Symptoms of uterine/endometrial cancer?
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Menorrhagia (pain w menstruation)
Metrorrhagia (bleeding from uterus) Abnormal vaginal discharge Lower abdominal pain (late finding/mets) |
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>5mm endometrial stripe is?
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abnormal and seen with uterine/endometrial cancer
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Possible protective factors for esophageal cancer
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Diets high in fiber (cereal fiber)
Beta-carotene Folate Vitamin C and B6 NSAIDS - inhibits (cyclooxygenase) COX |
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signet ring type worse prognosis in this type of cancer
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stomach
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Risk Factors for stomach cancer
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Chronic H. pylori (distal) (treatment to prevent only if family history)
Pernicious anemia – will see elevated indices History of partial gastric resection > 15 yrs Hypochlorhydria and atrophic gastritis Blood group A |
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stomach cancer symptoms
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Dyspepsia (PUD)
Epigastric discomfort Early satiety Weight loss Weakness Iron deficiency anemia (occult blood in stools) UGI bleed, gastric outlet obstruction or perforation |
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Virchow’s node (left clavicular) can signal what type of cancer?
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intraabdominal
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Risk Factors of pancreatic cancer
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Smoking
Age Obesity Prior abdominal radiation Occupational exposure to organic solvents Coffee and excess alcohol Diabetics (controversial) Chronic pancreatitis Familial predisposition (5-8%) |
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painless jaundice is a symptom of?
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pancreatic cancer
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Elevated CA 19-9 is found in?
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pancreatic cancer
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Symptoms found in renal cancer
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Gross or microscopic hematuria (65%)
Flank pain (40%) Abdominal mass (35%) Common sx- fever, weight loss, normocytic anemia, bone pain, general weakness or loss of energy, loss of appetite Unusual sx- hypercalcemia, hypertension or polycythemia |
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Reed-Sternberg cells are associated with?
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Bimodal age distribution peak in 20s and >50
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Painless lymphadenopathy
Weight loss (>10% over 6 months) Fever >38C or low or irregular Drenching night sweats Pruritus (generalized) Lymph node pain with alcohol intake |
