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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oncology Prostate cancer |
Androgen deprivation therapy - Bilateral orchidectomy - LHRH analogue - Goserelin (Zoladex) Anti-androgen therapy Enzalutamide - Androgen receptor antagonist - S/E seizures Abiraterone - Androgen biosynthesis inhibitor - S/Es: Syndrome of mineralocorticoid excess Chemotherapy - Docetaxel |
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Oncology Renal cell carcinoma |
75% Clear cell, 15% Papillary Mechanism - Inactivation of vHL gene - Accumulation of HIF - Upregulation of VEGF, PDGF, EGF Poor prognosis - Low Hb, performance status, high Ca, neutrophils, plts Treatment - VEGF inhibitors (Sunitinib, Pazopanib) HTN - GOOD PROGNOSIS - mTOR inhibitors (Everolimus) - PNEUMONITIS - Immunotherapy (PD-1 inhibitors) - Anti-VEGF mAb (Bevacizumab) |
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Oncology Testicular cancer |
Seminomas (~50%) - Surveillance (10 year recurrence rate 15-20%) - Virtually all curable with salvage chemotherapy - Risk factors for recurrence: size > 4cm, rete testis invasion - Chemotherapy - Carboplatin AUC Non-seminomas (~50%) - Surveillance 1st line, relapse rate ~30% - Risk factors for recurrence: lymphovascular invasion - Adjuvant chemotherapy 2 cycles BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) |
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Oncology Genetics - CRC |
Lynch syndrome (AD)- mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) - CRC, endometrial, ovarian cancer (stomach, skin) - 20% risk of 2nd primary in 1st 10 years after diagnosis - HNPCC - C'scope 1-2 yearly for life, NHNPCC - yearly 3 yrs, then 3-5 yearly - Multiple primaries common, 65% R sided/proximal - Treatment: Resection + 5FU/Oxaliplatin (Stage II-III), FOLFOX/FOLFIRI (IV), biologics (bevacizumab - VEGFi, cetuximab - eGFRi if wildtype) FAP (AD)- APC germline mutation (chromosome 5) - Hundreds of polyps in large bowel, risk of CRC 100% by age 40 - Associated with stomach/duodenal, skin, bone cancer - Treatment: prophylactic colectomy Prognosis: PATHOLOGICAL STAGE, molecular markers, penetration Monitoring: CEA, CT scan, colonoscopy Prevention: Diet (fruit & vegetables, mediterranean diet), Aspirin Others: Peutz-Jaeger syndrome - STK-11, Juvenile polyposis syndrome |
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Oncology Genetics - Breast |
Breast cancer BRCA1 (17q11), BRCA2 (13q12) - BRCA1: breast (medullary, ER/PR negative), ovarian - BRCA 2: male breast, prostate, pancreatic - Screening age 30 - annual MRI +/- MMG +/- US Others: p53 (Li-Fraumeni), PALB2, CHEK2, PTEN |
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Oncology Genetics - Renal |
Von-Hippel Lindau (Tumour suppressor gene on chromosome 3) - Loss of heterozygosity at vHL locus - Overproduction of VEGF Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome - FLCN Papillary cancer - FH, SDHB, MET |
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Oncology Genetics - Thyroid |
MEN 1(AD) - MEN gene (chromosome 11) - 3 Ps: PTH gland (~100% by 50), ant pituitary, enteropancreatic endo cells - Also gastrinomas, adrenal adenomas, carcinomas MEN2 (AD) - 1/30,000, RET proto-oncogene mutation (chromosome 10) - Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands - 2A classical (medullary thyroid Ca, phaeo, primary hyperPTH) - 2B (medullary thyroid Ca, phaeo, ganglioneuromas PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PTEN gene) - Cowden syndrome - multiple hamartomas, fibromas, keratoses, increased risk of breast, endometrial, thyroid, CRC |
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Oncology Breast cancer |
Malignant: SPICULATION, microcalcification, hypoechogenic, taller > wide HER2+ Tx: trastuzumab + pertuzumab + docetaxel EndocrineTx: ER/PR +, Aromatase inhibitors (POST-M), Tamoxifen (PRE-M) CTx: Anthracyclines (doxorubicin), CYC taxanes (paclitaxel) |
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Oncology Melanoma |
BRAFV600E mutation BRAF inhibitors PD-1 inhibitors/CTLA4 inhibitors |
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Oncology Lung cancer |
a |
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Oncology Chemotherapy agents (1) |
a |
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Oncology Chemotherapy agents (2) |
a |
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Oncology AML |
Acute leukaemia > 20% blasts in blood/BM Blasts with Auer rods, Myeloperoxidase positive Immunophenotyping - Myeloid antigens (CD13,33) Bad prognosis: Age > 60, t(9;22), del5q, del7, inv(3), t(3;3), t(6;9), complex cytogenetics, Flt3 receptor mutation |
