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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the immune system?
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A collection of cells, tissues and molecules that mediate resistance to infections.
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What was the first disease eradicated worldwide by vaccination?
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small pox
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What is a PAMP?
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pathogen associated molecular pattern
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What is a DAMP?
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damage associated molecular pattern
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What two things are recognized by innate immune cells?
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PAMPs and DAMPs
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What is a PRR?
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pattern recognition receptor
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Surface or cytosolic PRRs recognize what kind of structures?
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structures characteristic of microbial pathogens and altered self that ARE NOT PRESENT on mammalian cells
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What cell types express PRRs?
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macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils and epithelial cells.
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Is TLR-2 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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surface TLR
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Is TLR-4 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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surface TLR
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Is TLR-5 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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surface TLR
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Is TLR-9 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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endosomal TLR
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Is TLR-3 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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endosomal TLR
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Is TLR-7 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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endosomal TLR
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Is TLR-8 a surface or endosomal receptor?
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endosomal TLR
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What does TLR-2 bind?
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peptidoglycans of gram+ bacteria
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What does TLR-4 bind?
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LPS of gram- bacteria
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What does TLR-5 bind?
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flagellin of bacteria
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What does TLR-9 bind?
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unmethylated CpG DNA (viral and bacterial)
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What does TLR-3 bind?
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ds-RNA (viral)
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What do TLR-7 and TLR-8 bind?
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ss-RNA (viral)
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Where is RIG-1 found?
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cytoplasm
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Where are NOD1 and NOD2 found?
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cytoplasm
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What does RIG-1 bind?
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HCV RNA
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What does NOD1 bind?
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peptidoglycans in gram- bacteria
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TLR activation stimulates signaling pathways that activate transcription factors resulting in the expression of genes for ____ and ____ production
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cytokine and chemokine
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Innate immunity to microbes stimulates ____ ____ responses.
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adaptive immune
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What does TLR signalling promote in B cells?
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auto-antibody production
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Activation of inflammasomes is induced by what?
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microbial products and/or host-derived molecules in cytosol
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Overproduction of IL-1beta and IL18 leads to what?
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autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders
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What does NOD2 bind?
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peptidoglycans from gram+ bacteria
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IL-1 antagonists may be useful in treating which disorders?
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GOUT, autoimmune disorders, Alzheimer's, etc.
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What can B cells recognize?
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Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Antigens and Nucleic acids
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Where can B cells identify microbes?
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extracellular microbes (in vesicles)
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Where can T cells identify microbes?
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intracellular microbes in cytoplasm.
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CD4 helper T cells help APCs to ____ ____.
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kill macrophages
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CD8 cytolytic T lymphocytes do what to infected cells?
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they KILL them!!
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Immune responses are ____ limited and ____ as infection is eliminated.
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self limited, decline
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In the innate immune system, what is the function of the first signal?
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(microbial antigen recognition) provides for the activation of lymphocytes
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In the innate immune system, what is the function of the second signal?
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ensures immune responses are induced only when there is an infection
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