Oms311-Midterm1

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smart factories

Back 1

web-based computer-aided design drawings, lots of smart technologies

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what's in the box

Back 2

smart tags and special container satellite transmitter allow every item being shipped to be monitored by buyers

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unloading zones

Back 3

containers taken by robots

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lonely road

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trucks travel in pods with a single human driver commanidng them w/ remote control

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have it your way

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each unit tailored to local tastes

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main street chain store

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regional experience.. designed to attarct shoppers ho are nostalgic for mom-and-pop retaling

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personalized recomenendations

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shipping carts detect RFID tags to identy products placed within

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sign here please

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shopng cart beams the merchandise total to a transcation station, and stustomer signs the screen to pay

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efficiency

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doign soemethign at the lowest posible cost

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effectiveness

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doing the right htings to create the most value for the company

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transformation proces

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uses resrouces to convert inputs into some desire outputs-->physical, location,, exchange, storage, physiological, informational

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strategy breaks down into 3 major components

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operations effectiveness, customer mgmt, product innovation

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operations strategy is concerned with

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setting broad policies and plans for using the resouces of a firm to best support its long-term competitive strategy

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design quality

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set of feature the product of service contains-->focus on requierements of customer

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process quality

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relates to reliability of product or service -->delivery speed, reliability, coping w/ changes in demand/change volume ; flexilbilyty and new-product inroduction speed.; support it

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plant-within-a plant

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different locations within the faciity are allocated to different product lines, each with own operations strategy,

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straddling

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when company seeks to match the benefits of a successful position while maintaingin its existing position

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order winner

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criterion that differentiates the products/service of one firm from another....could be cost or quality or reliqabilty

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order qualifier

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screengin criterion that permits a firm's products ot even be considered as possible candidate of rpurchase

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strategic competencis

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strategic skills and knoweldge required by the workforce to support the strategy

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strategic technologies

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materials and process technologies, information systems, databases, etc.

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climate for action

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provide the cultural shifts needed to motivate, empower, and alight the workforce behind the strategy

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WIP

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work in process-number of flow units contained within th eprocess

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flow time

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time it takes a flow unit to get through the process -->takes into account that the item (flow units) may have to wait to be processed b/c there are other inventory in process potentially competing for the same resources

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flow rate/ throughput rate

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rate at which the process is delivering output-->maximum=capacity.

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average inventory= (little's law)

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average flow rate x average flow time

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little's law-> flow time=

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inventory/flow rate

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inventory turns=

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1/ flow time or COGS/inveontory

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per-unit inventory costs=

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annual inventory costs/ annual inventory turns

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five reasons to hold invneotry

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1.time a flow unit spents in prcoess
2. seasonal demand
3. economies of scale
4. separation of steps in a processs
5. stochastic demand

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pipeline inventory

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even w/ unlimited resources, unit must go through the length of the criticl path; only way to reduce inventory is by reducing flow rate

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seasonl inventory occurs when

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capacity is rigid and demand is variable ; as long as its costly to add and subtract capacity-firms will desire to smooth production relative to sales->need for seasonal inventory

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cycle inventory

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reflects the transportation process follows a certain shipemnt cycle (cycle every week)

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diff. b/t seasonal and cycle inventory

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seasonal is due to emporary imbalances in supply and demand due to variable demand or variable supply while cycle inventory is created due to a cost motivation

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inventory buffer allows

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mgmt to operate steps independently from each other->abosorbs variations in flow rates by acting as a source of supply for a downstream process step, even if the previous operation itself might not be able to create this supply at the given moment in time

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safety inventory-stochastic demand

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when facing stochastic demand (need to distingusih b/t predicted and actually realized demnand-->can be present w/ seasonal)-->signifcant problem in retailin environements or at the finishe good's level of manufacutrers

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process capacity

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how much can it process in a given unit of time

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demand-constrained

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if demand is lower than supply-process would produce at the rate of demand, independent of the proces capacity

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supply-constrained

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if demand exceeds supply==>process is either input-contrained or capacity-contrained.

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process utilization =

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flowrate/ process capcity

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utilization of resources=

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-flow rate/ capacity of resource
-bottleneck =highest utilization
-goal should be to maximize profit, not utilization

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implied uitilization=

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capacity requested by demand/ available capacity
-can exceed 100%
-captures the mismatch b/t b/t the capacity requested from a resource by demand (also called the workload) and the capacity currently available at the resource.
-if exceed 100%, doesn' mean it's the bottleneck. -->highest implied=bottle neck

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product mix

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different types of customers flowing thorugh one process-complicates the process analysis
-can determine which resource is the bottleneck

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finite population

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limistied-size customer pool that will use the service and , at times, form a line.

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infininte population

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large enough in realtionto the serivce system so that the populiation size caused by subtractionrs or additions doesn't significantly affect the sysetm probabilities.

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single arrival

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just one unit goign through

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batch arrival

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multiple of unit ariving (case of eggs)

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patient arrival

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one who waits as long as necessary until the service faility is ready to serve him or her

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impatient arrivals

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members of the first class arrive, survey both the service faility and the length of the line, then decide to leave=balking
-vew sitution, wait, than leave=reneging

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line length

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-infiite line-one that is very long
-limited line capacity-caused by legal/physical constraints.

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number of lines

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multiple lines-refers tot he single lines that form in front of 2 or more servers or to single lines that oconverge at some central redistribution point