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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are muscle spindles arranged?
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in parallel
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What is the role of muscle spindles?
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They are involved in muscle length. and they affect the rate of change in muscle length
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How are golgi tendons arranged?
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in series
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http://www.flashcardexchange.com/mycards/add/2089401What is the role of golgi tendons?
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They are involved in muscle tension. They affect the rate of change of muscle tension
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What causes vasodilation in an acute stage of injury?
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In acute injury you get vasodilation because the chemokines secreted from the nociceptors are overridding the sympathetic tone
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Why do you get vasoconstriction in the chronic stage of injury?
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In a chronic state, the chemokines will get worn out and instead of vasodilation you get vasoconstriction.
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Why would a person normally feel pain , on the side of hypertonicity or hypotonicity?
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hypotonicity
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What happens if you try to stretch an injured shortened muscle?
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Any attempt to stretch the affected muscles to normal resting length will restress the nociceptors
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How do you engage the injured muscle to keep the nociceptors from firing?
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Counterstrain
Muscle energy Myofascial release HVLA FPR |
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What happens to muscle spindles with increased sympathetic activity?
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The muscle spindle becomes overactive and has increased reactivity to any stimuli
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What is reciprocal inhibiton?
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Where the anatagonist muscle to the hypertonic muscle --> now demonstrates decreased tone
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How can altered proprioception be caused by somatic dysfunction?
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Inappropriate CNS interpretation of position
Inappropriate body positioning, firing sequence, load distribution Results in overuse of wrong muscles for the job results in Increase risk of further injury |
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Altered proprioception leads to greater or lesser risk of reinjury?
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greater risk or reinjury
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what happens to lymphatic flow with decreased congestion?
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Any time you increase sympathetics you decrease lymphatic flow and you get constriction that results in tissue congestion and results in the decreased ability to remove the byproducts of metabolism
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Which way do you sidebend towards with leg length discrepancy
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Towards the longer leg
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What is the difference between anatomical and a functional difference to limb length discrepancy?
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Anatomical means that there really is a difference in limb length
Functional means that the pelvic muscles may contract and pull the leg up to make it shorter (anything else that causes loss of function) |
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How does the body adjust to unequal limb length?
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leg length affects the sacrum and whether it tilts the pelvis from one side or the other and the lumbar spine has to curve in order to compensate for this
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What are the histological changes to a prolonged shortened muscle?
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will undergo reorganization of collagen fibers instead of being laid down in parallel with the long axis
It is laid down in random, shortened matrix , this causes the muscle to become hypertonic and have resistance to passive stretch |
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How do you test muscle length?
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with passive stretch
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What is the firing sequence of lifting the arm?
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Supraspinatus, deltoid, mid and lower trapezius, and contralateral quadratus lumborum for lifting the arm
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The majority of thoracic outlet syndrome is _______
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neurovascular
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Why do you have paraesthesias particularly in the C8 and T1 dermatome?
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Look at the scalene muscles and look at the first rib -combo of C8 and T1 is wedged between anterior scalene and first rib
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what are some of the anatomical variations that predispose to TOS?
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Fibromuscular band
Cervical ribs Scalene minimus |
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What muscles experience hypertonicity and adaptive shortening in TOS?
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scalenes, pec minor, SCM, serratus anterior
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What muscles become overused?
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Upper Traps, and levator scapulae
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What muscles become hypotonic
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Mid and lower traps, minor and major rhomboids, serratus anterior
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How can you test for the interscalene entrapment?
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Adson's test
Neck extended turned toward affected side Narrows the interscalene space |
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How can you test for entrapment in the costoclavicular space?
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Exaggerated military posture
scapula retracted and depressed chest protruding Narrows the costoclavicular space |
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How can you test for entrapment between pect minor and the ribs?
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Wright’s maneuver
shoulder external rotation abduction beyond 90° This causes compression below the pectoralis minor insertion |
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What causes scapular retraction in TOS?
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Weakness (mid/lower trap, rhomboid) secondary to
Painful inhibition trigger points, somatic dysfunctions Stretched resting position and Disuse |
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What are the anterior and posterior chapman points for the upper lung?
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Anterior: Intercostal space b/w 3rd and 4th ribs close to the sternum
Posterior: Midway b/w the SP and the tips of the TP of T3 and T4 |
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What are the anterior and posterior chapman points for the lower lung?
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Anterior: Intercostal space b/w the 4th and 5th ribs close to the sternum
Posterior: Midway b/w the SP and the tips of the TP of T4 and T5 |
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What are the anterior and posterior chapman points for the bronchus?
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Anterior: Intercostal space b/w 2nd and 3rd ribs close to the sternum
Posterior: Midway b/w SP and the tips of the TP at T2 |
