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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the primary curve of the spine?
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kyphotic, this is present from birth
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what technique is useful for opening the thoracic inlet?
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Anterior cervical fascia release is useful in opening the thoracic inlet
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Name the two anatomical causes for the relative immobility of the thoracic spine?
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Two anatomic causes for relative immobility of the thoracic spine:
-intimate connection of the T spine to the rib cage, ribs and sternum, via the costovertebral articulations. -ratio of intervertebral disk height to vertebral body height is small(1:5) which greatly reduces intersegmental motion. |
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which chapman point is used for treatment anterior or posterior?
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Anterior used for diagnosis
Posterior used for treatment |
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describe the anterior cervical counterstrain points
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Anterior: C1 rotate away,
C2-C8 flex and SARA, except C7 = flex and STRAW |
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describe the posterior cervical counterstrain points
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Posterior: C1 inion flex,
C1-C7 extend and SARA, except C3 = flex and STRAW |
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where can you expect to find the chapman's tenderpoint for appendicitis
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right with tenderness over tip of 12th rib right (anterior)
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what technique is used to treat chapman tenderpoints?
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Counterstrain
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what are the characteristics of a typical rib?
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-Have all the following: Tubercle, Head, Neck, Angle, Shaft
-Two demifacet articulations at the costovertebral joints -One articulation with transverse process One articulation with costal cartilage/sternum |
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Which ribs are considered the typical ribs?
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Ribs 3-10
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which ribs are considered atypical?
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Ribs 1, 2, 11/12
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what are the special characteristics of rib 1
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Rib 1 articulates only with T1, no angle
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what are the special characteristics for rib 2
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Rib 2 --> large tuberosity for serratus anterior
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What about the special characteristics for rib 11 and 12
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Ribs 11/12 - lack tubercles
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where can the apex be found in the thoracic spine?
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T 5-6
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what group of vertebrae is responsible for the thoracic kyphosis?
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T 3- T12
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where is the cervical-thoracic transtional zone found?
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T 1-2
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where is the transitional zone for thoracic-lumbar found
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T10 -12
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List all the transitional zones in spine
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occipital-atlantal
C7-T1 T12-L1 L5-S1 |
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what are the functional divisions of the thoracic spine?
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Cervico-thoracic junction
T1-T4 True Thoracics T5-T9 Thoraco-Lumbar Junction T10-T12 |
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what is the orientation of a superior thoracic facet ?
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the superior facets are backwards, upwards and laterally (posterior ,superior and lateral is another way of saying it)
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Where do you find the tips of the spinous processes for T1-3
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T1-3: spinous processes project posteriorly therefore the tip of the spinous process is in the same plane as the transverse process of that vertebra
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Where do you find the spinous process for T4-6
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T4-6: spinous processes project slightly downward, therefore the tip of the spinous process lies in a plane halfway between that vertebra’s transverse processes and the transverse processes of the vertebra below it
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Where do you find the transverse process for T7-9
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T7-9: spinous processes project moderately downward, therefore the tip of the spinous process is in a plane with the transverse process below it
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name the atypical thoracic vertebrae
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T1, 10, 11, 12
they have an entire facet ( instead of demifacets) T 11 and 12 have no facet on their transverse process |
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Where can you find the spinous processes for T 10 -12
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T10 follows rules of T7-9
T11 follows rules of T4-6 T12 follows rules of T1-3 |
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why is intervetebral disc herniation of thoracic spine not very common?
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Limited by posterior longitudinal ligament, ribs
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why are the deep intrinsic muscles affected by viscero-somatic reflexes
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They are innervated by the dorsal rami of the thoracic at that particular level so when you have a visceral reaction , these get irritated and go into spasm.
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what is the function of the superficial extrinsic back muscle?
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They are the trapezius, Major and minor rhomboids, and levator scapulae
All connect upper limb to the trunk: act primarily upon the limb |
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what is the function of the intermediate extrinsic back muscle?
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Serratus posterior superior & inferior:
These have mostly proprioceptive function with some minor respiratory function |
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what back muscle group would most likely cause a type I dysfunction?
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semispinalis covers four to six vertebral segments
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what back muscle group would most likely cause Type II dysfunction?
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rotatores because they span 1 -2 segments
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what is the innervation of the superficial extrinsinc?
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Anterior rami of the spinal nerves
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What is the innervation of the intrinsic back muscles?
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Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
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the superior angle of the scapula corresponds to which vertebral body?
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T2
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The inferior angle of the scapula corresponds to which vertebral body?
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T7
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The jugular notch corresponds to what vertebral body
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T2
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The angle of Louis corresponds to what intervetebral space
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T4/5
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The spine of the scapula corresponds to which vertebrae?
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T 3
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What is the greatest motion in the thoracic spine?
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Rotation -the orientation of the thoracic articular facets allows them to glide relative to each other with an axis of rotation near the center of the vertebral body
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what plane is the greatest motion of the thoracic spine?
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greatest motion of the thoracic spine is rotation and in a vertical axis on a transverse plane
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what is the second greatest motion of the thoracic spine?
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Lateral flexion or sidebending
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What allows for sidebending in the thoracic spine?
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the articular facets of the articular processes of any two adjacent vertebrae slide relative to each other
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Name the movement of the thoracic spine from greatest to least
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Rotation
Sidebending flexion extension |
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when sidebending is introduced into a neutral spine, which way will the vertebral bodies rotate?
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When sidebending is introduced into a neutral spine, the bodies of the vertebra will rotate towards the side of convexity
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When sidebending is introduced into a non-neutral spine, which way will the vertebral bodies rotate?
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When sidebending is introduced into a non-neutral spine, the bodies of the vertebrae will rotate toward the side of concavity
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Name the intermediate intrinsics
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Iliocostalis: lateral
Longissimus:intermediate Spinalis: medial |
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Name the deep intrinsics
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Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidus Rotatores thoracis |
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which back muscles are the primary extensors
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intermediate intrinsics
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what are the sensors of proprioception
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Muscle Spindles
Smaller muscles have higher density of muscle spindles: sensors of proprioception It is proposed that these are the muscles that maintain somatic dysfunction, especially non-neutral somatic dysfunction |
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Where would you find the sympathetic innervation for small intestines, kidney, ureters, gonads, right colon?
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T10-11
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Where is the sympathetic innervation for pelvic organs?
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T12-L2
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where is the sympathetic innervation for heart and lungs located
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T 1-6
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the sympathetic chain in T 5-9 innervates which organs?
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stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen
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