Omm Test 1

Front 1

A therapeutic system in
which a disease is treated by producing
a second condition that is incompatible
with or antagonistic to the first.

Back 1

allopathy

Front 2

A term used to refer those
holding a Doctor of Medicine (MD)
degree, a non-osteopathic medical
degree.

Back 2

allopath

Front 3

A positional
descriptor used to identify the side of
reference when rotation of a vertebra
has occurred; in a condition of right rotation, the left side is the anterior
component; usually refers to the less
prominent transverse process

Back 3

anterior component:

Front 4

The place of union or
junction between two or more bones of
the skeleton. 2. The active or passive
process of moving a joint through its
permitted anatomic range of motion.
See also osteopathic manipulative
treatment, articulatory treatment (ART)

Back 4

articulation

Front 5

Absence of symmetry of
position or motion; dissimilarity in
corresponding parts or organs on
opposite sides of the body that are
normally alike; of particular use when
describing position or motion alteration
resulting from somatic dysfunction.

Back 5

asymmetry:

Front 6

An imaginary line about which
motion occurs. 2. The second cervical
vertebra. 3. One component of an axis
system.

Back 6

axis

Front 7

Accepted universal term for
backward motion of the spine in a
sagittal plane about a transverse axis;
in a vertebral unit when the superior
part moves backward. 2. In extremities,
it is the straightening of a curve or
angle (biomechanics). 3. Separation of
the ends of a curve in a spinal region;
See extension, regional extension. Opposite of forward
bending.

Back 7

backward bending:

Front 8

The limit to
motion; in defining barriers, the
palpatory end-feel characteristics are
useful

Back 8

barrier (motion barrier):

Front 9

the limit of motion
imposed by anatomic structure; the
limit of passive motion

Back 9

anatomic barrier

Front 10

the range between the
physiologic and anatomic barrier of
motion in which passive ligamentous
stretching occurs before tissue
disruption.

Back 10

elastic barrier

Front 11

a restriction of joint
motion associated with pathologic
change of tissues (example:
osteophytes). See also barrier,
restrictive b.

Back 11

pathologic barrier

Front 12

Two adjacent vertebrae--
Shared ligaments--
Monoarticular muscles--
Joints --

Back 12

Functional Spinal Unit (FSU)

Front 13

Flexion (forward bending)

Back 13

Spinous processes move apart. OPENING OF FACETS

Front 14

Extension (backward bending)

Back 14

Spinous processes move closer. CLOSING FACETS

Front 15

Rotation

Back 15

Right or left named for facing of anterior surface of the vertebral body
Transverse processes follow body by moving posterior on the side of rotation (think about bicycle handles)
Usually coupled with sidebending

Front 16

Sidebending (lateral flexion)

Back 16

Left or right refers to direction of movement of superior surface of superior vertebra
Right sidebending=closing of right facets; opening of left facets
Left sidebending=closing of left facets; opening of right facets
Usually coupled with rotation

Front 17

Translation - right

Back 17

Named by direction of movement
Eg: right translation – movement of vertebra to right, along x axis, creates a right convexity; left concavity
Useful in localizing motion

Front 18

Translation - left

Back 18

Named by direction of movement
Eg: left translation – movement of vertebra to left along x axis, creates a left convexity; right concavity
Useful in localizing motion

Front 19

Normal condition
Facets are not engaged
Weight bearing is on the body of the vertebra
Facets not in contact so not controlling segmental motion

Back 19

Neutral

Front 20

Facets (zygapophysis) becomes engaged
Engaged facet acts as a pivot for motion at that segment
Automatically couples sidebending and rotation

Back 20

Non-neutral

Front 21

A set of three laws pertaining to axial skeleton
Harrison Fryette, D.O.
Paper presented 1918

Back 21

FRYETTE’S LAWS OF PHYSIOLOGIC MOTION OF THE SPINE

Front 22

Sidebending and rotation will occur in opposite directions
Involves a group of vertebra

Back 22

Law I (neutral mechanics)

Front 23

In neutral position, when sidebending is introduced, rotation occurs to the opposite side.

Back 23

Fryette’s 1st Law (Principle)

Front 24

Law I =Type I mechanics

Back 24

Law I =Type I mechanics

Front 25

Facets are engaged, particularly in flexion or extension
Sidebending and rotation occur in same direction
Involves single Function Spinal Unit (FSU)
Pivot created by engaged facet

Back 25

Law II (non-neutral mechanics)

Front 26

In the non-neutral position, when rotation is introduced, sidebending occurs to the same side.

Back 26

Fryette’s 2nd Law (Principle)

Front 27

Law II =Type II mechanics

Back 27

Law II =Type II mechanics

Front 28

Introducing motion to a vertebral joint in one plane automatically reduces its mobility in the other two planes

Back 28

Law III(actually added in 1948 by C.R. Nelson, D.O.)

Front 29

One of the basic tenets of the
osteopathic philosophy; the human
being is a dynamic unit of function;
See also osteopathic philosophy.

Back 29

Body unity

Front 30

A tissue texture abnormality
characterized principally by a palpable
sense of sponginess in the tissue,
interpreted as resulting from
congestion due to increased fluid
content.

Back 30

Bogginess

Front 31

Toward the tail or inferiorly.

Back 31

Caudad

Front 32

Toward the head.

Back 32

Cephalad

Front 33

Perceived quality of motion as
an anatomic or physiologic restrictive
barrier is approached.

Back 33

End feel

Front 34

A suffix describing status, position, or
condition (e.g., extended, flexed,
rotated, restricted).

Back 34

-ed

Front 35

Adaptive and optimal attainment
of physical, mental, emotional,
spiritual and environmental well-being.

Back 35

Health

Front 36

A suffix describing a process or
movement (e.g., extension, flexion,
rotation, restriction).

Back 36

-ion

Front 37

1. The exaggerated (pathologic)
A-P curve of the thoracic spine with
concavity anteriorly. 2. Abnormally
increased convexity in the curvature of
the thoracic spine as viewed from the
side (Dorland’s).

Back 37

Kyphosis

Front 38

1. The anterior convexity in the
curvature of the lumbar and cervical
spine as viewed from the side. The
term is used to refer to abnormally
increased curvature (hollow back,
saddle back, sway back) and to thenormal curvature (normal lordosis).
(Dorland’s). 2. Hollow back or saddle
back; an abnormal extension
deformity; anteroposterior curvature of
the spine, generally lumbar with the
convexity looking anteriorly
(Stedman’s).

Back 38

Lordosis

Front 39

Pertaining to or characterized by
lordosis.

Back 39

Lordotic

Front 40

1. A change of position (rotation,
and/or translation) with respect to a
fixed system; 2. An act or process of a
body changing position in terms of
direction, course and velocity.

Back 40

Motion

Front 41

movement produced
voluntarily by the patient.

Back 41

Active motion

Front 42

motion induced by the
osteopathic practitioner while the
patient remains passive or relaxed.

Back 42

Passive m.

Front 43

changes in position of
body structures within the normal
range.

Back 43

Physiologic motion

Front 44

motion of a body part
along an axis.

Back 44

Translatory m.

Front 45

A term used by
osteopathic practitioners to denote the
process of palpating the patient to
evaluate the structure and function of
the neuromusculoskeletal and visceral
systems.

Back 45

palpatory diagnosis

Front 46

Sensory skills used in
performing palpatory diagnosis and
osteopathic manipulative treatment

Back 46

palpatory skills

Front 47

The
three major principles of physiologic
motion are

Back 47

Physiologic motion of the spine

Front 48

A flat surface determined by the
position of three points in space. Any
of a number of imaginary surfaces
passing through the body and dividing
it into segments.

Back 48

Plane

Front 49

A resistance or impediment to
movement. For joint restriction

Back 49

Restriction

Front 50

A method to locate the
approximate position of the transverse
process (TP) of a thoracic segment by
using the location of the spinous
process (SP) of that same vertebra. The
relationship is as follows:
T1 to T3, TP is at the same level as
tip of the SP
T4 to T6, TP is one half vertebral
level above the tip of the
SP
T7 to T9, TP is one full vertebral
level above the tip of the
SP
T10, TP is one full vertebral
level above the tip of the
SP
T11, TP is one half vertebral
level above the tip of the
SP
T12, TP is at the same level as
tip of the SP.

Back 50

Rule of threes

Front 51

a plane
passing longitudinally through the
body from one side to the other, and
dividing the body into anterior and
posterior portions.

Back 51

Coronal plane (frontal plane)

Front 52

a plane passing
longitudinally through the body from
front to back and dividing it into right
and left portions. The median or
midsagittal plane divides the body into
approximately equal right and left
portions.

Back 52

Sagittal plane

Front 53

a
plane passing horizontally through the
body perpendicular to the sagittal and
frontal planes, dividing the body into
upper and lower portions.

Back 53

transverse plane (horizontal plane)

Front 54

1. A portion of a larger body or
structure set off by natural or arbitrarily
established boundaries, often equated
with spinal segment. 2. To describe a
single vertebrae or a vertebral segment.
corresponding to the sites of origin ofrootlets of individual spinal nerves. 3.
A portion of the spinal cord

Back 54

Segment

Front 55

Movement within a
vertebral unit described by
displacement of a point at the anteriorsuperior
aspect of the superior
vertebral body with respect to the
segment below.

Back 55

Segmental motion

Front 56

Movement in a coronal
(frontal) plane about an anteriorposterior
(x) axis. Also called lateral
flexion, lateroflexion, or flexion right
(or left).

Back 56

Sidebending

Front 57

The position of any one or
several vertebral bodies after
sidebending has occurred.

Back 57

Sidebent

Front 58

Sense of resistance to light
traction applied to the skin. Related to
the degree of moisture and degree of
sympathetic nervous system activity.

Back 58

Skin drag

Front 59

A mnemonic for four diagnostic
criteria of somatic dysfunction:
sensitivity changes, tissue texture
abnormality, asymmetry and alteration
of the quality and quantity of range of
motion.

Back 59

S.T.A.R.

Front 60

Separation of the origin and
insertion of a muscle and/or
attachments of fascia and ligaments

Back 60

Stretching

Front 61

A palpable tissue texture
abnormality characterized by fine or
stringlike myofascial structures.

Back 61

Stringiness

Front 62

A mnemonic for four
diagnostic criteria of somatic
dysfunction: tissue texture abnormality,
asymmetry, restriction of motion and
tenderness, any one of which must be
present for the diagnosis

Back 62

T.A.R.T.

Front 63

1. Discomfort or pain elicited
by the osteopathic practitioner through
palpation. 2. A state of unusual
sensitivity to touch or pressure
(Dorland’s).

Back 63

Tenderness

Front 64

A
palpable change in tissues from skin to
periarticular structures that represents
any combination of the following
signs: vasodilation, edema, flaccidity,
hypertonicity, contracture, fibrosis, as
well as the following symptoms:
itching, pain, tenderness, paresthesias.
Types of TTA’s include: bogginess,
thickening, stringiness, ropiness, firmness (hardening),
increased/decreased temperature and
increased/decreased moisture.

Back 64

Tissue texture abnormality

Front 65

A linear force acting to draw
structures apart.

Back 65

Traction

Front 66

Projects laterally
from the region of each pedicle. The
pedicle connects the posterior elements
to the vertebral body.

Back 66

Transverse process

Front 67

Two adjacent vertebrae
with their associated intervertebral
disk, arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular,
vascular, lymphatic and neural
elements.

Back 67

Vertebral unit

Front 68

an
osteopathic treatment strategy by
which the restrictive barrier is engaged
and a final activating force is applied to
correct somatic dysfunction.

Back 68

direct method (technique):

Front 69

a
manipulative technique where the
restrictive barrier is disengaged and the
dysfunctional body part is moved away
from the restrictive barrier until tissue
tension is equal in one or all planes and
directions.

Back 69

indirect method (I/IND),

Front 70

the
application of steady pressure to soft
tissues to reduce reflex activity and
produce relaxation.

Back 70

inhibitory pressure technique

Front 71

active or
passive movement of a body part to its
physiologic or anatomic limit in any or
all planes of motion.

Back 71

range of motion technique

Front 72

A term used by
osteopathic practitioners to denote the
process of palpating the patient to
evaluate the structure and function of
the neuromusculoskeletal and visceral
systems.

Back 72

palpatory diagnosis:

Front 73

Sensory skills used in
performing palpatory diagnosis and
osteopathic manipulative treatment.

Back 73

palpatory skills:

Front 74

The
three major principles of physiologic
motion are:
I. When the thoracic and lumbar spine
are in a neutral position (easy normal;
See neutral Fig. 23), the coupled
motions of sidebending and rotation for
a group of vertebrae are such that
sidebending and rotation occur in

Back 74

physiologic motion of the spine: first

Front 75

When the thoracic and lumbar spine
are sufficiently forward or backward
bent (non-neutral), the coupled motions
of sidebending and rotation in a single
vertebral unit occur in the same
direction.

Back 75

physiologic motion of the spine: second

Front 76

III. 1. Initiating motion of a vertebral
segment in any plane of motion will
modify the movement of that segment
in other planes of motion.
2. Principles I and II of thoracic and
lumbar spinal motion described by
Harrison H. Fryette, DO (1918),
Principle III was described by C.R.
Nelson, DO (1948).

Back 76

physiologic motion of the spine: third

Front 77

a plane
passing longitudinally through the
body from one side to the other, and
dividing the body into anterior and
posterior portions.

Back 77

coronal plane (frontal plane),

Front 78

plane passing horizontally through the
body perpendicular to the sagittal and
frontal planes, dividing the body into
upper and lower portions

Back 78

horizontal plane,

Front 79

a plane passing
longitudinally through the body from
front to back and dividing it into right
and left portions. The median or
midsagittal plane divides the body into
approximately equal right and left
portions.

Back 79

sagittal plane,

Front 80

a plane passing
longitudinally through the body from
front to back and dividing it into right

Back 80

sagittal plane

Front 81

Andrew Taylor Still born when?

Back 81

Aug 6, 1828

Front 82

The “Rule of the Artery is Supreme”!

Back 82

Remember

Front 83

Still opened the first college of osteopathy in what year?

Back 83

1892

Front 84

What was the first state to grant licensure and what year?

Back 84

Vermont 1896

Front 85

When did the Flexner Report - “Medical Education in the United States and Canada” published?

Back 85

1910

Front 86

Six Foundation Schools
When and where?

Back 86

1892 – Kirksville
1896 – Los Angeles
1898 – Des Moines
1899 – Philadelphia
1900 – Chicago
1916 – Kansas City (the only osteopathic college opened after the Flexner Report until 1969)

Front 87

What was the last state to grant full licensure to DO’s and when?

Back 87

Mississippi 1973

Front 88

Osteopathy was founded in ?

Back 88

1874

Front 89

flung to the breeze, the banner of Osteopathy!”

Back 89

1874