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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Andrew Taylor Still's birthdate?
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August 6, 1828
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When did Andrew Taylor Still die?
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1917 @ age 89
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When did Still fly his banner to the breeze?
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June 22, 1874
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When did the first DO school open?
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1892
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Flexner report- when/what was it?
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1910, evaluated all med schools, 6 DO schools stayed open
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Great Swine Flu Pandemic, what year?
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1918-1919
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When does the AMA repeals its statement that DOs are a cult?
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1959
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What year are DOs allowed on staff at MD hospitals?
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1960
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LECOM opens what year?
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1992
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Michigan is the first state-supported DO school and is established when?
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1969-70
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Musculoskeletal system, what % of body?
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60%
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- Application of variable manual pressure to the surface of the body for the purpose of determining the shape, size, consistency, position, inherent motility, and health of the tissues beneath
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Palpation
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- Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system: skeletal, arthroidal and myofascial structures and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements
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Somatic Dysfunction
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TART?
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T Tissue Texture abnormality
A Asymmetry (static, motion, tonicity, turgor, color, temp) (*of structures usually) R Restriction of motion T Tenderness (in area of SD) |
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How to figure out dominant hand?
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Without consciously thinking about it, clasp hands together in front of you, top hand = dominant
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How to figure out dominant eye?
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look at a distant object with eyes open
Extend dominant hand and make a circle with the first and second digits that encircles your view of the object Close one eye, then the other Object remains in view with Dominant Eye |
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activity unconsciously generated within body
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inherent
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4 Osteopathic priniciples
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I. The person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit
II. The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance III. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated IV. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of these principles |
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Viscero-somatic Reflexes
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- Visceral dysfunction can cause reflex sympathetic activity in the paravertebral musculature of associated spinal level (heart attack causing shoulder pain)
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Somato-visceral reflexes
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- Somatic dysfunction can have an effect on the viscera (cold pack on skin causes vasoconstriction)
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Musculoskeletal system, what % of body?
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60%
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- Application of variable manual pressure to the surface of the body for the purpose of determining the shape, size, consistency, position, inherent motility, and health of the tissues beneath
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Palpation
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- Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system: skeletal, arthroidal and myofascial structures and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements
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Somatic Dysfunction
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TART?
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T Tissue Texture abnormality
A Asymmetry (static, motion, tonicity, turgor, color, temp) (*of structures usually) R Restriction of motion T Tenderness (in area of SD) |
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How to figure out dominant hand?
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Without consciously thinking about it, clasp hands together in front of you, top hand = dominant
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How to figure out dominant eye?
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look at a distant object with eyes open
Extend dominant hand and make a circle with the first and second digits that encircles your view of the object Close one eye, then the other Object remains in view with Dominant Eye |
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activity unconsciously generated within body
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inherent
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4 Osteopathic priniciples
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I. The person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit
II. The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance III. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated IV. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of these principles |
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Viscero-somatic Reflexes
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- Visceral dysfunction can cause reflex sympathetic activity in the paravertebral musculature of associated spinal level (heart attack causing shoulder pain)
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Somato-visceral reflexes
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- Somatic dysfunction can have an effect on the viscera (cold pack on skin causes vasoconstriction)
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structures share a common feature, ie, the tension is continuously transmitted across all structural members. An increase of the tension on one member increases the compression on all other members within the system.
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Tensegrity
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Landmarks:
Suprasternal Notch? Angle of Louis? Xiphoid Process? Spine of Scapula? Inferior angle of scapula? |
Suprasternal Notch? T2
Angle of Louis? T4 Xiphoid Process? T9 Spine of Scapula? T4 Inferior angle of scapula? T7 |
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Sagittal Plane goes with what axis? what movement?
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Transverse; forward/backward bending
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Horizontal/Transverse Plane goes with what axis? what movement?
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Vertical; rotation
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Coronal/Frontal Plane goes with what axis? what movement?
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Anterior-Posterior; sidebending
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Anatomic Barrier?
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limit of motion by anatomic structure; limit of PASSIVE motion
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Physiological Barrier?
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limit of ACTIVE motion; can be increased with warm ups
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
type?movements? |
Ellipsoid, synovial, has a fibrous articular disc
Depression/Elevation, Protrusion/Retraction |
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Sternoclavicular Joint
type?movements? |
Double gliding joint; only articulation of the shoulder girdle with the trunk; Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction of shoulder
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Acromioclavicular joint
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Synovial, plane(or gliding) joint
Gliding of clavicle on the acromion and rotation of scapula forward/backward |
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Glenohumeral Joint
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ball and socket
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, circumduction |
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Landmarks:
Suprasternal Notch? Angle of Louis? Xiphoid Process? Spine of Scapula? Inferior angle of scapula? |
Suprasternal Notch? T2
Angle of Louis? T4 Xiphoid Process? T9 Spine of Scapula? T4 Inferior angle of scapula? T7 |
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Sagittal Plane goes with what axis? what movement?
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Transverse; forward/backward bending
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Horizontal/Transverse Plane goes with what axis? what movement?
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Vertical; rotation
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Coronal/Frontal Plane goes with what axis? what movement?
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Anterior-Posterior; sidebending
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Anatomic Barrier?
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limit of motion by anatomic structure; limit of PASSIVE motion
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Physiological Barrier?
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limit of ACTIVE motion; can be increased with warm ups
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
type?movements? |
Ellipsoid, synovial, has a fibrous articular disc
Depression/Elevation, Protrusion/Retraction |
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Sternoclavicular Joint
type?movements? |
Double gliding joint; only articulation of the shoulder girdle with the trunk; Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction of shoulder
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Acromioclavicular joint
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Synovial, plane(or gliding) joint
Gliding of clavicle on the acromion and rotation of scapula forward/backward |
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Glenohumeral Joint
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ball and socket
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, circumduction |
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scapulothoracic joint
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not a true articulation; protraction/retraction, elevation/depression
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Proximal Radioulnar Joint
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pivot joint
pronation/supination |
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Humeroulnar Joint
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hinge joint
flexion/extension |
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Radiocarpal Joint
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Ulna is not part of true wrist joint; ellipsoid joint
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, no true rotation |
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Hip joint
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ball and socket
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Sacroiliac joint
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synovial joint
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Knee joint
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largest joint in body; synovial joint, flexion/extension, lateral/medial rotation
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Tibiofibular joint
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synovial joint @proximal end
Fibrous joint@distal end Plane or gliding joint |
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Tibiotalar
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dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, abduction/adduction, eversion/inversion
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Interphalangeal joints
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hinge joints
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Fryettes 1st Principle
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Type I
Group curve Sidebending and Rotation to opposite sides Rotation to convexity Sidebending before Rotation Chronic |
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Fryettes 2nd Principle
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Type II
Single vertebra Sidebending and Rotation to same side Rotation before Sidebending Rotation toward concavity Acute |
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3rd Principle
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Cervical spine
Motion in one plane limits and modifies motion in other planes |
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Orientation of Superior Facets
Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? |
Cervical? backward, upward, medial BUM
Thoracic? backward, upward, lateral BUL Lumbar? backward, medial BM |
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Atypical Vertebra
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Occipitoatlantal
Atlantoaxial joint Cervicals-tend to rotate and sidebend to same side |
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Type I diagnosing techniques
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red reflex, skin drag, palpate
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Type II diagnosing
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speed bump test, palpate, induce flexion/extension to determine where it gets better
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Dermatome for T12?
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inguinal ligament
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Tinels test?
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Tap at wrist, produces pain or paresthesias; for carpal tunnel
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Phalens test?
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Folds hands or praying (opposite), press together and hold for 1 minute, will produce parathesia and pain, carpal tunnel
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Trigger finger?
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thickening of flexor tendon @ A1 pulley
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MCP limits?
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Extension 0- (-10-13)
Flexion 0-90 |
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PIP limits?
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flexion 0-100
Extension 0 |
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DIP limits?
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flexion 0-90
extension 0- (-10) |
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Thumb MCP limits?
Thumb IP limits? |
flexion 0-50 MCP
extension 0 MCP abduction/adduction 0-70 MCP flexion 0-90 IP extension 0-(-20) IP |
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Fall backward, what dislocation?
Fall Forward? |
Forward- anterior radial head
Backward- posterior radial head |
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Motion of radial head?
in pronation? in supination? |
pronation- radial head glides posterior
supination- radial head glides anteriorly (SAPP) |
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Most best felt where for:
Caliper motion? Bucket handle? Pump Handle? |
caliper-3-5 cm lateral to transverse process on back
Bucket handle- mid-axillary Pump handle- mid-clavicular |
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Scoliosis
% Idiopathic? % Congenital? Measured using what? |
idiopathic- 70-90%
congenital- 75% measuring by Cobb angle |
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Thoracic divisions:
Upper? Middle? Lower? |
Upper: T1-4
Middle: T5-9 Lower: T10-12 |
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Greatest movement in thoracic region?
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Most: ROTATION, then sidebending, then forward bending
Least: back bending/extension |
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Autonomic reflexes:
T1-4? T1-6? T5-9? T10-11? T12-L2? |
T1-4? head and neck
T1-6? heart and lungs T5-9? stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen T10-11? small intestines, kidney, ureters, gonads, right colon T12-L2? left colon and pelvic organs |
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Thoracic Inlets
Functional inlet? Anatomical inlet? |
Anatomical: manubrium, 1st ribs, T1
Functional: manubrium, first two ribs, T1-4 |
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What passes through thoracic inlet?
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Trachea, esophagus, major vessels/nerves
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What fascia covers thoracic inlet? domes of lungs?
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thoracic inlet- cervicothoracic fascia
lungs- Sibson's fascia |
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is a compression of one of what 3 things?
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subclavian artery, subclavian vein, brachial plexus
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FPR developed by who? Direct or Indirect?
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Stanley Schiowitz; indirect
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Still technique developed by who? Direct or indirect?
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Richard Van Buskirk; indirect then direct
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4 functions of thoracic cage?
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1. respiration
2. protection of vital organs 3. pump for venous and lymphatic return 4. support structure for upper extremities |
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True ribs? False ribs? Floating?
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true- 1-7; attach directly to sternum via costochondral cartilage
faslse- 8-10; attach via synchondroses to the costochondral cartilage of rib 7 floating- 11-12; do not attach to sternum at all |
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Typical ribs?
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ribs 3-10
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Atypical ribs?
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1, 2, 10, 11, 12
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Rib 1 articulates with?
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only with T1 and has no angle
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Rib 2 articulates with
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atypical because of large tuberosity on shaft for serratus
articulates with T1 and T2 attaches posterior scalene |
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Ribs 11 and 12 articulate with?
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only with corresponding vertebrae, atypical because of lack of tubercles
rib 12 attaches to quadratus lumborum |
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Pectoralis Major lifts what ribs?
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2-6
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Pectoralis Minor lifts what ribs?
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3-5
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Latissimus dorsi pulls what ribs superiorly and laterally with arm above head?
With arms at side, it aids in expiration |
11 and 12
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Quiet breathing results from?
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passive recoil of lungs
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Pump handle moves what direction? what plane?
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anterior and superior movement, sagittal plane
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Bucket handle motion goes what direction? waht plane?
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laterally and increase transverse diameter; coronal plane; ap axis
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caliper motion moves in what direction? plane? axis?
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vertial axis, transverse plane, externally rotate with inhalation
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Inhalation dysfunction:
pain when? which restriction? |
pain w/exhaling
exhalation restriction |
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Exhalation dysfunction:
pain when? which restriction? |
inhalation restriction
pain w/inhaling |
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Goals in Rib treatment: 3
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improve rib motion, decrease pain, improve spinal mechanics
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Rib articulations - type
Sternochondral Rib 1? Ribs 2-7? Costochondral ribs 6-9 |
rib 1- synchondrosis
ribs 2-7- synonvial articulations ribs 6-9 (costochondral) synovial 9-10 is mainly fibrous joint |
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Chapmans reflexes
5th interspace: Right? Left? 6th interspace: Right? Left? |
5th right: liver
5th left: stomach acid 6th right: liver, gallbladder 6th left: stomach peristalsis fixed with rotary motion for 15sec-2min |
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bottom rib most important to what kind of respiration dysfunction?
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inhalation dysfunction
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top rib is most important to what kind of dysfunction?
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exhalation dysfunction
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Nipple line- what rib?
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4
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inferior angle of scapula- rib?
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7
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angle of Louis rib?
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2
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sternal xiphoid junction rib?
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7
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