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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the atypic vertebrae and why is each atypical?
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T1, T10, T11, T12 = all have one entire facet
T11 or T12 = no facet on transverse process |
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What is the greatest motion of the rib cage and what limits this motion?
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rotation
limited by the ligamentum flava and facet joint capsules |
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What is the second greatest motion of the rib cage and what limits it?
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sidebending
limited by contralateral ligamenta flava and intertransverse ligament |
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What is the second least motion (the 3rd motion) of the rib cage and what limits this motion?
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flexion
limited by: - posterior longitudinal ligament - interspinous ligament - ligamentum flavum - capsular ligaments |
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What is the least motion (the 4th motion) of the rib cage and what limits it?
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extension
limited by: - least motion - limited by spinous processes shingling onto one another - nucleus pulposus is driven anteriorly |
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At which level is the superior angle of the scapula found?
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T2
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At which level is the spine of the scapula found?
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T3/4
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At which level is the inferior angle of the scapula found?
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T7/8
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At which level is the jugular notch found?
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T2
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At what level is the sternal angle found?
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T4/5
attaches to the 2nd costal cartilage |
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What makes up the anatomical inlet?
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manubrium
1st ribs bilaterally T1 |
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What makes up the functional inlet?
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manubrium with angle of louis
first two ribs bilaterally T1-4 |
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What makes up the thoracic outlet?
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clavicle
1st ribs scapula |
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What is weird about rib 1?
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has no angle and only articulates with T1
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Which muscles help the separation of ribs 11 and 12 in caliper motion?
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11 is pulled superiorly by latissimus dorsi
12 is pulled inferiorly by quadratus lumborum |
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Describe the motion of the sternum
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Anterior/posterior compression and decompression
superior and inferior gliding motion rotation around a transverse axis rotation arounda vertical axis torsion around oblique axis |
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Levoscoliosis
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left convexity, side bends right
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Dextroscoliosis
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right convexity, sidebends left
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How do you name structural scoliosis?
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named for the side of convexity of the curve
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How does increased tone in the diaphragm affect its shape and function?
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depresses the diaphragm
less efficient respirations due to decreased pressure gradients between the thoracic and abdominal cavities affects respiration and lymphatic return |
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How do sympathetics affect the lungs?
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decreased lymphaticovenous drainage
increased number of goblet cells = thick and sticky secretions inhibits secretion = dryness and cracking and increased secondary bacterial infections bronchodilation |
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What are sympathetic-dominant complaints?
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constipation
abdominal pain flatulence distension |
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How does increased sympathetics affect the GI tract?
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increased mucosal sensitivity to H+ concentration and alters mucosal barrier
decreased peristalsis relaxation of gallbladder and ducts abdominal pain flatulence distension |
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How does increased sympathetics affect the urinary system?
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T10-L1:
ureterospasm decreased peristalsis of ureters (decreased urine flow) arteriole constriction to the kidney (decreased GFR and urine volume) T12-L2 Relaxed bladder wall = incomplete bladder emptying and reflux |
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What is the difference in symp. and parasymp. function on the sphincter, trigone and ureteral orifices and the bladder wall?
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sphincter, trigone and ureteral orifices:
symp (T12-L2) = activates parasymp (S2-4) = inhibites Bladder wall: symp = inhibits parasymp = activates |
