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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The phase of study that is concerned with the motion of the spine with no help from ligaments or muscles.
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Kinematics
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Anterior Aspect of Spine
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Vertebral bodies
Intervertebral (IV) discs |
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Posterior Aspect of Spine
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Lamina to the spinous processes
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3D system of motion
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Flexion
Extension Side-bending right and left Rotation right and left |
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What type of motion...
-The superior segment moves on the inferior segment, which causes the superior segment to move anteriorly and superiorly relative to the inferior segment. |
Flexion
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In what motion are the zygopophyseal joints left open?
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Flexion
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In what motion do...
-the superior segments move inferior on z-axis and posterior on x-axis -superior segment moves more posterior towards us |
Extension
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In what motion are the zygopophyseal joints closed?
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Extension
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What motion...
-Superior segment translates to the R along x-axis and rotates to R along z-axis |
Right side-bending
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If we are R-sidebending what will be the status of the transverse process and the R/L zygopophyseal joints?
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-Transverse processes: R TP will be more posterior
-L ZP: Open -R ZP: Closed |
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Side bending is coupled with rotation.
If side-bend to the right... |
rotation to the left
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Side bent from neutral position vertebra rotated...
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vertebra rotated to opposite side as sidebend
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Sidebend from flexed/extended then vertebra rotated...
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to same side as side bend
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Law 1
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When in the neutral position, then side-bending to one side is matched with rotation to the opposite side.
Load on vertebra, not facets |
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Law 2
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When flexed or extended, then side-bending to one side is matched with rotation to the same side.
Load on facets |
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Law 3
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When motion is introduced into the spinal segment in one direction, then the motion in other directions is reduced
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Do the 3 laws of vertebral motion apply to the thoracic spine?
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Yes
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Do the 3 laws of vertebral motion apply to the lumbar region?
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Yes
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Do the 3 laws of vertebral motion apply to the cervical region?
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-Facets are always engaged
-no type 1 motion because already loaded, only type 2. |
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Theories of causes of vertebral motion dysfunction
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-Entrapment of synovial material
-Lack of congruence in the point-to-point contact of opposing joint surfaces. -Alterations in the biomechanical & biochemical properties of the myofascial elements -Chemical & physical properties of the synovial fluid & synovial surfaces -Restricted motion due to the altering of the muscle lenght or tone. |
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Characteristics of Type I
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-Neutral dysfunction
-a group of segments (3 or more) -restriction of the group to side bending in one direction and rotation in the opposite -facets not involved -no difference in extension or flexion |
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Characteristics of Type II
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-Non-neutral dysfunction
-single vertebral motion unit -includes flexion or extension -motion restriction of side-bending and rotation to the same side. |
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in what type is there something wrong w/ the facets?
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Type II
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