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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the muscles that are active on respiration?
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Intercostals and scalenes
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Para or Sympa controls lymph?
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Sympa
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Name the origins of the hearts sympa?
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T 1-6
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Which side (Right or left) sympathetic fibers innervate the SA node?
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Right
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Supraventricular tachycardia can be caused by which side of sympa innervation to heart?
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Right side (innervates SA node)
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Sympathetic fibers from which side innervated AV node?
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Left
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Hyperactivity of Left side sympathetic innervation to the heart would cuase?
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Ventricular tachycardia
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Do sympathetic nerves cuase brochodilaton or constriction?
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Dilation
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In the thorax, what parts above the diaphragm are innervated by sympathetic?
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Everything
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By how much can abnormal gait (i.e. Scoliosis) increase cardiac work?
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300%
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Sympathetic fibers from which side innervate AV node?
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Left
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Hyperactivity of Left side sympathetic innervation to the heart would cuase?
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Ventricular tachycardia
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Do sympathetic nerves cuase brochodilaton or constriction?
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Dilation
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In the thorax, what parts above the diaphragm are innervated by sympathetic?
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Everything
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By how much can abnormal gait (i.e. Scoliosis) increase cardiac work?
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300%
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How do sympa's affect devel of collateral circulation?
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Inhibit
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Do veins respond to sympa?
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Yes, but weaker
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What parts does the right lymphatic duct drain?
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Heart lungs liver right upper limb and head and neck
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What parts drain to left lymphatic duct?
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everything but heart, lunds, liver r upper limb and head and neck
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What symptoms suggest viscerosomatic/somatovisceral dysfunction
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tenderness, hyperirritability, tt changes, increased tension or limited motion.
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What are Chapman's reflexes?
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Reflexes that follow a predictable pattern associated w/ visceral probs
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General effect of Beta Blockers?
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Attenuates sympathetic input
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General effect of diuretics?
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Lower blood volume
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General effect of ACE inhibitors?
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Arteriolar and venodilation
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General effect of Calcium Channel Blockers?
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Smooth muscle relaxant
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How does stable angina present?
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Develops on exertion and relieved by rest.
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How does unstable angina present?
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Unexpected, occurs at rest, last longer (30+ minutes).
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How to treat stable angina?
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Rest or nitroglycerin
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Which form of angina is due to focal coronary artery vasospasm?
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Prinzmetal
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What is the hallmark ecg of prinzmetal?
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S-T elevation
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Name the syndrome associated w/ redness, swelling, pain @ costovertebral junction?
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Teitze's Syndrome
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What are the 3 WHO criteria for MI? (only need to have to for MI diag)
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Clinical history of ischemic-type chest discomfot
Changes on serial ECG Elevation of cardiac enzymes |
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What are the palpatory findings for cardiac viscerosomatic probs?
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acute, warm, boggy, edematous, T1-T5 Left
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What is the sympathetic response to MI (i.e. coronary thrombosis)
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Increases
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At what vertebral levels would you find palpable changes for cardiac probs with ventricular involvment?
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C8-T3
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At what vertebral levels would you find palpable changes for cardiac probs with atrial involvement?
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T4-6
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At what vertebral levels would you find palpable changes for cardiac probs with anterior infact?
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T2-3 Left side
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At what vertebral levels would you find palpable changes for cardiac probs with inferior wall?
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T3-5 left, C2
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What does OA release do to Vagus?
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Increases vagal output.
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Where are posterior chapman's point for hypertension?
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Between transverse processes of T11 and T12
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What is CHF?
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heart can't pump all the blood out that's coming in.
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What are your tx goals for CHF?
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improve venous return, improve lymphatic return, decrease abdominal workload due to structural problems and improve thoracic cage compliance
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What are ways to improve lymph flow?
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Work diaphragm, pectoralis lift, lympatic pump.
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What is the name of the pivot point where ribs meed spine and does it suffer strain in CABG?
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Costotransverse junction and no.
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What happens to the rib heads in CABG in relation to the vertebral bodies?
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The heads are compressed into the vertebral bodies and that causes strain.
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What are the typical ribs?
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3-9
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Why is rib 1 atypical?
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No rib angle and articulates w/ only T1
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Why is rib 2 atypical?
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Has large tuberosities for serratus anterior
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Why is rib 10 atypical?
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Becuase it attaches only to T10
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Why are 11 and 12 atypical?
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Articulate only w/ T11 and T12 AND they are floating
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What nerve provides motor and sensory to diaphragm?
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Phrenic
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What muscles used in Forced inhilation?
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Sternocliedomastoid (Spinal Accessory)
Scalenes (Ventral rami C3-8) Serratus anterior (Long Thoracic) External intercostals (Ventral rami thoracic spinal nerves) |
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Muscles used in forced exhalation?
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Rectus Abdominus (Lower 6 thoracic and 1st lumbar segmental nerves)
Internal intercostals (ventral rami thoracic spinal nerves) |
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When you breath with your neck you may have which syndrome?
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Thoracic outlet
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When you breath with your back you have?
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Extreme acute fatique
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What are the three steps outlined in lecture for stimulus of inhalation?
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1. Collapsed alveoli - visceral afferents
2. Respiratory Center notified (Nucleus Solitarius) 3. Reflex arc to phrenic and intercostal nerves |
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Key rib in inhalation dysfunction?
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Bottom rib - painful exhalation
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Key rib in exhalation dysfunciton?
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Top rib - painful inhalation
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