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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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A computer based tool for collecting, storing, retrieving, and displaying demographic data on maps
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Microfactory
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Small factory with narrow product focus, located near major markets
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Factor Rating
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General approach to evaluating locations that includes quantitative and qualitative inputs
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Center of Gravity Method
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Method for locating a distribution center that minimizes distribution costs
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Technology Innovation
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The discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes, for producing or providing them
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Technology
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The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and operation processes
1) Product and service technology 2) Process technology 3) Information technology |
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Job Shop
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Operates on a relatively small scale, used when a low volume of high variety goods or services will be needed
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Batch
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Used when a moderate volume of goods is desired and it can handle a moderate variety in products
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Repetitive
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Higher volumes of more standardized goods are needed; slight flexibility of equipment, low skill workers, assembly lines
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Continuous
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Very high volume of non-discrete, highly standardized output is desired; no variety in output and no need for equipment flexibility.
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Project
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A non-repetitive set of activities directed toward a unique goal within a limited time frame
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Product Layout
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Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid high volume flow
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Production Line
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Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks
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Assembly Line
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Standardized layout arranged according to a fixes sequence of assembly tasks
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Advantages of Product Layouts
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1) High rate of output
2) Low unit costs 3) Labor specialization, reduce training time 4) Low material handling cost per unit 5) High utilization of labor and equipment 6) Routine accounting, purchasing, and inventory control |
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Disadvantages of Product Layouts
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1) Intensive division of labor, dull jobs
2) Low maintenance 3) Fairly inflexible response to changes in volume of output 4) Susceptible to shutdowns |
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Process Layouts
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Layouts that can handle varied processing requirements
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Intermittent Processing
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Non repetitive processing
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Advantage of Process Layout
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1) Handle variety of processing requirements
2) Systems are not particularly vulnerable to machine failures 3) Less costly machines 4) Able to use individual incentive systems |
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Disadvantages of Process Layout
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1) In-process inventory costs are high
2) Routing and scheduling pose continual challenges 3) Equipment utilization rates are low 4) Material handling is low and inefficient 5) Higher supervisory costs than product layouts 6) Accounting, inventory control, and purchasing are more involved |
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Fixed-Position Layout
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Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed
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Why make location decisions?
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1) New company
2) Expand markets 3) Accommodate growth in demand 4) Reduce costs 5) Depletion of resources 6) Mergers and acquisitions |
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Country Factors
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1) Government
2) Labor 3) Safety 4) Resources 5) Financial Incentives 6) Market potential 7) Cultural Differences |
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Regional Factors
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1) Location of raw materials
2) Location of markets 3) Cost and availability of labor 4) Taxes 5) Climate |
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Community Factors
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1) Taxes
2) Attitude towards type of business 3) Quality of life 4) Services offered 5) Cost and availability of utilities |
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Site Factors
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1) Land
2) Room for expansion 3) Transportation 4) Zoning Restrictions |
