Olol Pa Neuro Review - Deux

Front 1

What are the S/S of MG?

Back 1

insidious onset
ptosis
diplopia
difficulty chewing
resp. difficulty
limb weakness
symptoms fluctuate in severity

Front 2

How do you diagnose a brain abscess?

Back 2

CT or MRI with contrast

NO lumbar puncture

Front 3

A pt presents with a headache, aphasia, and obtundation. What diagnosis do you suspect?

Back 3

Brain Abscess

Front 4

A pt presents with a lateralized headache, fever, obtundation, and a history of chronic otitis. What do you suspect?

Back 4

Subdural Empyema

Front 5

What is the diagnostic criteria for MS?

Back 5

2 or more regions of white matter effected at different times (relapsing)

Front 6

What is the diagnostic tool of choice for MS?

Back 6

MRI

Front 7

What will lab tests show in a pt with MS?

Back 7

CSF = lymphocytosis & elevated protein
Elevated IgG
Oligoclonal bands of IgG

Front 8

How do you treat malignant otitis externa?

Back 8

URGENT!
Antipseudomonal PCN
3rd generation Cephalosporin
Surgical Debridement

Front 9

What diagnostic tests should be run on pts with dementia?

Back 9

Labs- electrolytes, B12, LFT, CK, TSH, syphilis
MRI - for pts with focal neuro signs or pts under 65 at onset
Neuropsych Testing

Front 10

What is the most important test for Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus

Back 10

Lumbar Puncture

Front 11

A pt presents with hyperreflexia, difficulty chewing, and progressive weakness. What do you suspect?

Back 11

ALS

Front 12

What will an EMG show on pts with ALS?

Back 12

chronic partial denervation with abnormal spontaneous activity in the resting muscle & decreased motor units under voluntary control

Front 13

What is the treatment for ALS?

Back 13

Riluzole - slows progression
Anticholinergics
Braces/Walkers
PT
Liquid Diet/NG tube - end stage

Front 14

What is the most common pathogen that causes brain abscesses?

Back 14

aerobic & anaerobic Streptococci

Front 15

What condition arises from compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Back 15

Meralgia Parasthetica

Front 16

Where will the pt feel pain if he has a maxillary sinus infection?

Back 16

dental
ear
face

Front 17

Where will the pt feel pain if he has a frontal sinus infection?

Back 17

behind eyes
vertex of skull with tenderness to orbital rim

Front 18

Where will the pt feel pain if he has a ethmoid sinus infection?

Back 18

btwn or behind eyes radiating to temple

Front 19

Where will the pt feel pain if he has a sphenoid sinus infection?

Back 19

pain to vertex or orbit

Front 20

Which disease presents with weakness or paralysis affecting limbs symmetrically with loss of muscles reflexes & increased spinal fluid protein?

Back 20

Guillain-Barre

Front 21

What are the S/S of Guillain Barre?

Back 21

pins & needles sensation in feet with low back pain
weakness within 1-2 days - progresses rapidly
respiratory insufficiency & swallowing difficulty progress rapidly

Front 22

Which drugs treat acute relapses of MS?

Back 22

Methylprednisone
Corticosteroids

Front 23

What are the early S/S of Alzheimer's?

Back 23

memory problems
impaired visuospatial
social graces retained
behavioral / personality changes

Front 24

What are the S/S of end stage Alzheimer's?

Back 24

near mutism
inability to sit up, hold up head, or track objects with eyes
difficulty eating & swallowing

Front 25

What are the S/S of a TIA?

Back 25

* Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
* Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
* Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
* Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
* Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
**Last <1hr

Front 26

What are the indications that a pt has cortical dementia?

Back 26

severe memory impariment
aphasia

Front 27

What type of dementia is Cruetzfeldt-Jacob dz?

Back 27

cortical dementia

Front 28

What is DM peripheral neuropathy?

Back 28

distal & symmetric neuropathy with sensory loss in feet (most common)

Front 29

Which nerve is damaged in pts with CTS?

Back 29

median

Front 30

Who is at highest risk for MS?

Back 30

monozygote twins with family hx
young adults
northern latitude
possible virus trigger
family hx

Front 31

Which region of the brain is affected by MS?

Back 31

central white matter

Front 32

Vascular Dementia: EFG

Back 32

Early urinary incontinence
Flattened affect
Gait disturbance

Front 33

What are the S/S of temporal arteritis (Giant Cell)

Back 33

vision loss
tender scalp & temporal artery
HA
jaw claudication
myalgia
malaise
Wt loss

Front 34

How do you Dx Giant Cell Arteritis?

Back 34

multiple segment artery biopsy - will see lymphocytes/macrophages

Front 35

What is the tx for Giant Cell Arteritis?

Back 35

prednisone 60mg Qday then taper according to sx

Front 36

A pt presents with a unilateral HA, runny nose, and tearing on ipsilateral side. What type of HA do they have?

Back 36

Cluster HA

Front 37

What drugs cause tardive dyskenisa?

Back 37

Sinemet (levadopa + carbidopa)
Permas, Parlodel (dopamine agonists)

Front 38

Which structures of the head can be irritated by a HA?

Back 38

pain sensitive intracranial structures
dural sinuses
intracranial portions of the trigeminal, glossopharengeal, vagus, & upper cervical nerves
large arteries
venous sinuses

Front 39

Stabbing, spasmodic, severe pain in the divisions of the trigeminal nerve indicate what?

Back 39

trigeminal neuralgia

Front 40

How do you Dx cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

Back 40

imaging - ethmoid & sphenoid sinuses
MRI shows absent "flow void" within vascular structure

Front 41

Where is the intracranial mass lesion if the pt has occipital pain?

Back 41

posterior fossa

Front 42

Where is the intracranial mass lesion if the pt has bifrontal pain?

Back 42

supratentorial

Front 43

How can you differentiate a cluster HA from a migraine?

Back 43

steady, non-throbbing unilateral pain
attacks wake pt 2-3 hrs after sleep
not relieved by dark or quiet

Front 44

What is the most disabling Sx of PD?

Back 44

bradykinesia

Front 45

What are the main S/S of PD?

Back 45

tremor
bradykinesia
postural instability
muscle rigidity

Front 46

What is a focal ischemic stroke?

Back 46

thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a major artery

Front 47

What is the cause of pure motor hemiparesis?

Back 47

lacunar stroke

Front 48

What is the most common cause of strokes?

Back 48

Atherosclerosis = 2/3
Cardiogenic emboli = most of the remaining 1/3

Front 49

What is the most reliable test to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke?

Back 49

CT

Front 50

Fencer's posture is associated with _______ movement

Back 50

tonic

Front 51

What is the tx for Tourette's?

Back 51

Haldol (Haloperidol)
Clonazepam (Klonipin)
Pimozide (Orap)