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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define deontolgy
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ethical point of view where the moral value of the act depends on its compliance with the rules
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what is anthropormophism?
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donating human characteristics to non-human animals and assuming that animals display such traits
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what are 'horse sick pastures'
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stressed pastures as a consequence of certain grazing patterns exhibited by horses
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describe types of horse sick pastures
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roughs- areas that have been manured on and are therefore avoided by horses resulting in rough unpalatable pasture
lawns- intensively grazed areas bares- intensively grazed areas, often areas around food trophs and areas that are walked on alot leaving bare areas susceptible to weed invasion and erosion by wind and water |
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what constitutes animal communication systems?
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1. finite repertory of calls i.e horses
2. continous analogue system that registers some magnitude i.e bees 3. a series of random variations on theme i.e bird calls |
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what is a stereotypie?
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stereotypies are repetitive, relatively invariant and apparently functionless. stereotypies can be oral or locomotory and may be detrimental to health
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name 6 stereotypies
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crib biting, chewing, box walking, weaving, head nodding, wind-sucking
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what is the mirror test?
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in the 1970s a scientist called Gordon Gallup designed the mirror test to test animals for self reconition/self awareness. animals were sprayed with 2 dots, one in a easily accessible spot and another in a spot that wasnt easily accessible, animals are usually under anaesthetic when sprayed so they aren't aware. if in mirror they are looking at themselves to identify dots they identify themselves and pass the test. dolphins, chimpanzees, orangutans, orcas and bonobos have passed the test. horses, dogs and cats dont.
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why is it good for prey species animals such as the horse to form habits? name 4 reasons
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quick to learn
allows immediate reactions relatively stable requires less expenditure of energy |
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what is the origin of the term 'horse whisperer'?
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several centuries ago in britian there was a secret society of horsemen called 'society of the horsemans word' (no farmers or women) they believed in a word that could be whispered into the horses ear that had supposed magic powers. we ofcoarse know today that this is not true and if we do believe this we are always doomed to 'clothes pegs'-after the last thing that we do if we see the result we want we believe that is what made it work.
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it is commonly believed that stereotypies are visually learned and copied from horse to horse, disscuss.
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there is no conclusive scientific evidence stating that horses learn novel behaviour from observation. it is most likely that nearby horses are developing the same stereotypies simply because they are enduring the same conditions rather then they are copying other horses however a horse watching another horse displaying stereotypies is likely to become stressed as a result of this which may inadvertanly lead to that horse developing stereotypies
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define homeorhesis
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a steady state trajectory that responds to changes in body or environment and may overide systems to benefit organs of higher demand i.e during pregnancy- more fats directed towards mammary glands
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name some of the features that are regulated by homeostasis
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temperature
pH CO2 balance concentration of nutrients and wastes |
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define hormone
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chemical messenger secreted by cells of the endocrine system that provide communication network over long distances in the body
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explain hypocalcaemia
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also known as milk fever or parturient paresis. hypocalcaemia is most commonly seen in horses that foal or about to foal, signs include weakness if animal does not get treatment it will go into shock and die.
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describe synchronous diaphragmatic flutters (thumps)
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high Ca diets can promote hypocalcaemia during prolonged excercise, Ca levels gradually fall as excerise increases
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what is colic?
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abdominal pain in the horse
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what are some of the risk factors of colic?
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about 30% due to overfeeding concentrate feeds
worms sand ingestion intestinal inflammatory disease |
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describe gastric ulcers
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ulcerations of the lining of the stomach. 80-90% of racehorses get gastric ulcers. most gastric ulcers form in the upper part of the stomach this part of the stomach has little mucus or buffers to protect it.
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describe risk factors for gastric ulcers
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low roughage, high concentrate feeds
exercise on empty stomach general poor feed management stress may also contribute to gastric ulcers |
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list some signs of EGUS
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picky eater
biting at stomach weight loss or poor condition poor, dry coat colic |
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what are the five main areas of need for the horse?
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nutritional
health behavioural environmental mental |
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what is the thermoneutral zone?
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the range of environmental temperatures where the horse's metabolic rate is constant, minimum and independent of external temperature
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list and explain Tinbergens four questions:
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I) causation- the mechanisms that allows the action to occur.
II)ontogeny- how did the behaviour develop III)function- how does the behaviour enhance survival? IV) phylogeny- how did this behaviour evolve |
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define habituation
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a reduction in a previously displayed response with no follow up of reward or punishment, decline in response to a harmless repeated stimulus i.e. when horse learns to get on/off float without food reward
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name characteristics of a mentally stable horse
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awareness of self i.e grooming self
capacity to work behaviour that is acceptable does not express stereotypies able to meet demands of life |
