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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common myths associated with older adults |
-old age begins at 65 -most older adults like in nursing homes -most older adults are sick -old age means mental disorientation -older adults are not interested in sex -older adults don't care how they look most older -adults are isolated and lonely -bladder problems are a problem of aging -older adults do not deserve treatment for serious illnesses |
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ageism |
a form of prejudice, like racism in which older adults are stereotyped by characteristics found in only a few members of their group
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myth vs reality
myth: old age begins at 65 years f age |
reality: defining 65 years of age as "old age" happened arbitrarily when 65 years of age was set for social security payments in the 1930s based on labor market and economy of that time |
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myth vs reality myth: most older adults live in nursing homes |
reality: only about 7% lives in nursing homes. most own their own home, 30% live alone, 54% live with spouses, and the rest live with family or friends |
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myth: most adults are sick |
reality: dully 65% of all older adults rate their health as good or excellent |
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myth: old age means mental deterioration |
although response time may be prolonged from a longer processing time, neither intelligence nor personality normally decreases because of aging |
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myth: older adults are not interested in sex |
reality: although sexual activity is less frequent, the ability perform and enjoy sexual activity lasts well into the 90s of health older adults |
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myth: older adults don't care how they look |
reality: older adults want to be attractive to others |
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myth: most older adults are isolated and lonley |
reality: loneliness results from death of loved ones or other losses, just as it does for people of all ages. many older adults are active in social and community activities
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myth: bladder problems are a problem of aging |
reality: incontinence is not apart of aging, it requires medical attention |
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myth: older adults do not deserve aggressive treatment for serious illnesses |
older adults deserve aggressive treatment if they want aggressive treatment |
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genetic theory of aging |
-hold that lifespan depends on great extent of genetic factors -genes within organism "genetic clocks" determine occurrence and rate of metabolic processes, including cell division -"wear and tear theory" organisms wear out from increased metabolic functioning, cells become exhausted from continual energy depletion from adapting to stressors |
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immunity theory of aging |
-aging focuses on functions of immune system -system composed primarily of the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, seeks out and destroys foreign agents. -immune response declines steadily after younger adult years and thymus loses size and function -age associated changes of immune system aka "immunosenescence some authorities believe that nutrition play important role in maintaining immune response, so vitamin supplements can help improve immune sys |
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cross -linkage theory |
-cross linkage is a chemical reaction the produces damage to the DNA and cell death. -as one ages, cross-links accumulate, leading to essential molecules in cell binding together and interfering with normal cell function
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free radical theory |
- free radicals formed during cellular metabolism are molecules with separated high-energy electrons, which cab have adverse effects ib adjacent molecules. -lipids found in cell membranes as well as proteins ad cell oragnelles are affected -over time irreversible damage results from accumulated effects this damage |
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physiologic development |
-as time passes redial internal and external physiologic changes occur - person must modify his or her self- image and self concept to adapt successfully and to accept normal changes -hormonal changes menopause (women) andropause (men)
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Cognitive development |
-often an increase motivation to learn especially if knowledge is relevant and can be implied immediately -problem solving abilities remain throughout adulthood, although response time may be slightly longer
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psychosocial development |
-middle adult years time of increased personal freedom, economic stability, and social relationships. -increased responsibility and an awareness of ones own mortality -one realizes that they'd not accomplish everything that they wanted to accomplish yet -can lead to developmental crisis and stress - composes of Eriksons theory, Havighurts theory, Gould's theory and Levinson's theory, |
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Erik sons Theory (pyschosocial dev.) |
-middle adults is in a period of generatively versus stagnation -tasks are to establish and guid next generation, accept middle age changes, adjust to the needs of aging parents , and reevaluated ones goal and accomplishments |
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Havighurt's Theory (psychosocial dev.) |
- tasks of middle adults are learned behaviors arising from maturation, personal motives and values, and civic responsibility. -to successfully master this developmental stage, the middle adult must accept and adjust th physical changes, maintain a satisfactory occupation, assist children to become responsible adults, adjust to sing parent, and relate to one's spouse or partner as a person
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Levinson's theory (psychosocial dev.) |
theorized that middle adults may chose either to continue an established lifestyle or to recognize ones life in a period of midlife transition
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Gould's theory |
when adults look inward; accept their life span as having definite boundaries, and have a special interest in spouse, friends, and community (ages 43-500; and increase their feelings of self satisfaction, value spouse as a companion, and become more concerned with health |
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Moral development |
According to Kolber, a middle adult may either rain at conventional level or move to post conventional level of moral development, especially if he or she has sustained responsibility for welfare of others and has consistently applied ethical principles developed in adolescence - at this level adults believes that rights of others take precedence and makes steps to support those rights |
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spiritual development |
-not all adults progress to paradoxical- consolidative state of spiritual development. - most middle adults are less rigid in their beliefs ad have increased faith in a supreme being as well as trust in a spiritual strength |
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cognitive development |
cognition does not change appreciably with aging -intelligence increases into the 60s and learning continues throughout life -its normal for an adult to take longer to respond and react, particularly in new or unfamiliar surroundings
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pyschosocial development |
- a persons self concept is relatively stable throughout adult life -an older adult who has a sense of self-identity and has successfully met challenges earlier in life will probably continue to do so |
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common healthcare needs of older adults results from.. |
chronic illnesses (hypertension, diabetes) acidental inquiries (fall prevention) dementia depression and delirium elder maltreatment |
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sundowning syndrome |
an older adult habitually becomes confused, restless, and agitated after dark |
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cascade itatrogenesis |
downward spiral and decline of adverse events |
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SPICES tool is an instrument that has proved effective in identifying common problems that older adults have that can lead to negative outcomes |
S- sleep disorders P- problems with eating or feeding I- incontinence C- confusion E-evidence of falls S-skin breakdown |
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delirium |
a temporary state of confusion, is an acute illness that canals from hours to weeks and resolves with treatment |
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dementia |
refers to various organic disorders that progressively affect cognitive functioning - chronic and usually develops gradually |
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Alzheimer's disease |
the most common degenerative neurologic illness and the most common cause of cognitive impairment |
