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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin)'s Peak and Trough levels?
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1. Peak levels are 10-20mcg/ml
2. Trough levels are 5-10mcg/ml |
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Spectinomycin (Trobicin)is generally well tolerated. What is it used for? And how is it admin?
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Use is limited; for anogenital gonorrhea in those who cannot tolerate ceftriaxone- Must be admin IM (intragluteal)
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Aminoglycosides disrupt ___ resulting in ___?
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Aminoglycosides disrupt protein synthesis,resulting in rapid bacterial death
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All Aminoglycosides carry multiple positive chares. As a result they are not absorbed _____?
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As a result they are not absorbed from the GI tract and must be administered parenterally.
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Pertaining to Microbial resistance Aminoglycosides are not indicated for staph, but are indicated for aerobic gram- bacilli. Name the 5 they are indicated for?
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1.Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.Enterobacteriaceae 3.Klebsiella 4.E-Coli 5.Proteus miribilis
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Aminoglycosides must be administered __ or __ and are distributed where?
What is the normal renal function half-life? |
must be administered IM or IV and are distributed mostly in extracellular fluids. The normal renal function half-life is 2-3 hours.
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1.What are the 3 adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?
2.Has 3 drug interactions? |
1.Nephrotoxicity, increased in elderly, ototoxicity
2.PCN, cephalosporins and vancomycin (combination enhances bacterial kill) |
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PEAK LEVELS MUST BE HIGH ENOUGH TO KILL BACTERIA; TROUGH LEVELS MUST BE LOW ENOUGH TO MINIMIZE TOXICITY
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PEAK LEVELS MUST BE HIGH ENOUGH TO KILL BACTERIA; TROUGH LEVELS MUST BE LOW ENOUGH TO MINIMIZE TOXICITY
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**FIRST SIGN OF ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES IS TINNITUS (HIGH PITCHED RINGING IN THE EARS)
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**FIRST SIGN OF ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES IS TINNITUS (HIGH PITCHED RINGING IN THE EARS)
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1.What is the Peak level of Aminoglycosides and when should you check it?
2.Trough levels? |
1. Check peak (4-10mcg/ml) 30 min after transfusion
2. Check trough (2mcg/ml) 1hr before NEXT infusion. If divided dose draw trough just before next dose |
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What is Gentamicin (Garamycin) indicated for and why is it the preferred drug?
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Gentamicin is indicated for gram- bacilli and preferred due to low cost
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What are the 5 uses for Gentamicin (Garamycin)?
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1.Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.Escherichia coli 3.Klebsiella 4.Serratia 5.Proteus mirabilis
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What is Gentamicin (Garamycin) toxic to (2 body parts)and is inactivated by what group?
How should it be administered? |
Toxic to kidneys and inner ear; inactivated by penicillins, so do not mix together. Admin IM or IV
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Tobramycin (Nebcin, Tobi) is esspecially active against? And must be administered?
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more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and must be admin IM or IV
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What are the 2 main uses for Amikacin (Amikin), and how should it be admin?
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Broadest spectrum of action against gram- bacilli and least vulnerable to inactivation by bacterial enzymes, and is admin IM or IV. IV must be diluted and given slowly (30-60 min for adults 1-2hrs for children)
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Neomycin is more ___ and therefore used ____ for ____?
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More ototoxic and therfore used topically for eye, ear, and skin
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What is common with Kanamycin (Kantrex)?
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Bacterial resistance is common
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Streptomycin is used to treat __. What is preferred?
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Used to treat TB but newer and safer drugs preferred
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Paromomycin (Humatin) is used only for ____. An example of that use would be ____?
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only used for local effects in testine-ex. tapeworm infestations
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Aminoglycoside toxicity is seen especially in what area? Why?
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especially seen in the inner ear and the kidneys. This is because of the concentration levels in the cells of these structures.
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Sulfonamides were teh first drugs available for systemic treatment of ____?
Today they are primarily used for _____? |
1st drugs available for systemic treatment of bacterial infections. Today used for UTI's
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Sulfonamides are ____ antibiotics and are used by suppressing ____.
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Sulfoamides are broad spectrum antibiotics and suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting folic acid
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#1 USE OF SULFONAMIDES IS UTI. (90% IS E-COLI)
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#1 USE OF SULFONAMIDES IS UTI. (90% IS E-COLI)
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What are the 4 adverse effects of sulfonamides?
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1.Stevens-Johnson syndrome
2.Hematologic effects 3.Kernicterus (contraindicated in new-born) 4.Crystalluria resulting in renal damage |
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How are Sulfonamides
1.Absorbed? 2.Distributed? 3.Metabolized? 4.Excreted? |
1.Well absorbed from oral and topical
2.Distributed to all tissues, cross placenta 3.Metabolized by liver 4.Excreted by kidneys |
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Sulfonamides intensify what 3 drugs?
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Intensify Warfarin, phenytoin, and oral hypoglycemics
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People who are hypersensitive to sulfonamide antibiotics are likely to be hypersensitive to all other drugs containing a sulfonamide. Examples of these would be?
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thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, sulfonylurea-type oral hypoglycemics
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Trimethoprim acts against ___? Is used for ___? and is absorbed____?
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Trimethoprim acts against many gram+ and some gram- bacilli, is used for uncomplicated UTI's, and absorbed rapidly and completely from GI tract
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Trimethoprim is a combo of what 2 drugs?
It is generally well tolerated and has 3 adverse effects: |
Proloprim +Trimpex
=Trimethoprim Adverse effects: frequent itching, rash, and GI effects |
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Hematologic adverse effects are rare with Trimethoprim and occure only in those with ____?
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preexisting folic acid deficiency
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How has Trimethoprim affected pregnancy and lactation?
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Large doses have caused fetal malformations in animals; no abnormalities noted yet in humans
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Why is TMP-SMZ more powerful than Trimethoprim or Sulfamethoxazole alone?
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TMP-SMZ combo inhibits sequential steps in bacterial synthesis, making in much more powerful than either drug alone
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TMP-SMZ is used for what 3 things?
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Uncomplicated UTI, Pneumocystis carinii, GI infections (Shigellosis)
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TMZ-SMZ INTENSIFIES WARFARIN, PHENOTOYIN, AND ORAL HYPERGLYCEMICS
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TMZ-SMZ INTENSIFIES WARFARIN, PHENOTOYIN, AND ORAL HYPERGLYCEMICS
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TMZ-SMZ's adverse effects influde ____?
What steps should be taken if a rash occurs while taking TMZ-SMZ? |
Adverse effects: Nausea/vomiting
If rash occurs stop medicine and be evaluated for possible hypersensitive reaction |
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DRINK PLENTY OF WATER WHILE TAKING TMZ-SMZ
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DRINK PLENTY OF WATER WHILE TAKING TMZ-SMZ
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