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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 types of body cavities
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Dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity
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what parts are the dorsal body cavity divided into
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the cranial cavity where head is located and the vertebral cavity where the spinal cord is located
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what does the dorsal cavity protect?
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the fragile nervous system organs, cranial encases the brain and encloses spinal cord
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what are the subdivisions of ventral body cavity?
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the thoracic cavity adn the abdominopelvic cavity
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What does the ventral body cavity protect?
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the internal organs
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What is the thoracic cavity divided up into?
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Lateral pleural cavities and the medial mediastenum.
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What do the pleural cavities hold
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the lungs
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what is the mediastenum
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It contains the pericardial cavity which encloses the heart.
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what is the abdominopelvic cavity
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a cavity which has a superior portion, the abdominal cavity and an inferior portion the pelvic cavity.
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What does the abdominal cavity hold?
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the stomach intestines spleen liver
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What does the pelvic cavity hold
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the bladder and some reproductive organs and the rectum
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What does the diaphram separate
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the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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matter
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gas liquic solid something tangible, has mass takes up space
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energy
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no mass, no space taken up, but has capacity to do work and to put matter into motion
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Two types of energy
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potential and kinetic
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at is potential energy
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stored energy that has capability to do work but is not presently doing so
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what is kinetic energy
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the energy of motion heat
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what are the 4 forms of energy
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chemical energy, electical energy, mechanical energy, radiant energy
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what is chemical energy
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energy that is stored in chemical bonds, released when bonds are broken
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what is electrical energy
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energy associated with movement of charged particals
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what is mechanical energy
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energy directly involved in moving matter
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what is radiant energy
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energy that travels in waves, light, xrays infared
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what are elements
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all matter is composed of elements, they are substances that can not be broken down into simpler by orginary chemical methods
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what 4 elements comprise 96% of body weigth
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carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen
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what are atoms
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smallest unit of an element,
has nucleus-proton and neutron and electrons which are 1/1000 size of proton. |
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whats an isotope
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same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
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whats a planetary model
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views atoms like solar system
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what is orbital model
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pictures atoms like clouds
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whats inert?
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means valence shell is completely complete
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whats an ionic bond
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its a bond made form the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, this generates ions.
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whats a covelant bond
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a bond made from the sharing of electrons b/w two or more atoms
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What are the two types of covelant bond
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polar covelant-unequal share of electrons
nonpolar- equal share of electrons |
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what is a hydrogen bond
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a weak bond formed from a hydrogen and a hydrogen already covelantly bonded to an electronegative element like oxygen or nitrogen
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what is biochemistry
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the study of molecules contributing to life
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all chemicals in the body fall into what two categories
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organic- containing carbon
inorganic-all other chemicas in body |
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what percentage does water make up in living things?
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60-80%
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What are the properties of water?
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1. high heat capacity
2. high heat of vaporization 3. polar solvent properties 4. reactivity 5. cushioning |
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what is high heat capacity?
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how much heat you must add to raise temp one degree, water has a high one, and this prevents sudden changes in temp caused by external factors.
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what is high heat of vaporization
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the high heat required to make water evaporate, this is beneficial when we sweat given it removes large amt of heat from body as it evaporates.
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what are the polar solvent properties of water
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water is a very good solvent b/c it has regions of pos and neg charge
good solvent for polar or charged molecules serves as a transport medium (carries nutrients adn wastes) |
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what about waters reactivity
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its involved in many chemical reactions
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what are the properties of carbon
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has 4 electrons
strong tendency for covelant bonds can form bonds w/ 4 other atoms |
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What are carbohydrates?
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group of molecules that include sugar and starches.
- contain C H O in about a 1:2:1 ratio |
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What are 3 types of carbohydrates
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Monosaccrides- linear or rings 3-7
Disacchride- two monosacc linked (sucrose lactose, maltose) polysacchride- long polymers, mult monosachh joined (glycogen, starch) its major function is energy |
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What are lipids?
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organic molecules that are insoluble in water
-nonpolar - defined by solubility -contain c-h-o: oxygen in much lower level |
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What are neutral fats
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a fat composed of two types of building blocks, fatty acids, and glycerol.
-triglycerides (fats and oils) |
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Whats a saturated fat
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fatty acid chains with onlhy single covelant bonds between carbon atoms.
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whats an unsaturated fat?
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fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds b/w carbon atoms.
-energy source, functions are to insulate and protect |
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what is a fatty acid?
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linear chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an organic acid group
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steriod?
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flat molecules made of four interlocking hydrocarbon rings.
0fat soluble adn contain little oxygen - a lipid |
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whata re the types of steroids
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cholesterol, sex horms, estrogen testosterone, biles asalts vitamin d
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what is cholesterol
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a steroid, , most imp molecule in steroid chemistry
very imp, forms cell membrane |
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what is a protein
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long polymer of amino acids
=enzymes, hemoglobin, ect.. -all contain carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen |
