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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of CT
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mesenchyme,Loose, Dense (regular and irregular), cartilage, blood, bone, hemopoietic, adipose, lymphatic
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Whartons jelly
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gelatinlike ground substance located between mesenchymal cells
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areolar tissue
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loose connective tissue
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What is the fibroblast cell of tendons
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tendonocytes
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tendonocyte
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fibroblast of tendons, regular dense CT, shaped stellate
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deep layer of dermis is
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reticular layer it is irregular dense CT
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submucosa
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irregular dense CT in hollow organs
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surrounding of tendons
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endotendinium, disorderly collagen fibers
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endotendinium
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the surrounding of the tendons, disorderly collagen fibers
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what do ligaments do
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connect bone to bone
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appearance of ligament tissue
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regular dense CT but not perfectly orderly, some have more elastic fibers
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aponeuroses
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Dense regular CT, fiber sheets are at 90 degree angle to each other
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Dense regular CT, fiber sheets are at 90 degree angle to each other
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aponeurosis
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Ehlers-danlos type IV disease
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hypermobility of joints of digits, pale thin skin, severe bruisability, erly morbidity from rupture of vessels
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What are reticular fibers made of and how do they show up
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type III collagen in PAS
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where are reticular fibers
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in loose connective tissue at the boundary of CT and epithelium, surrounding blood vessels, nerves and muscle, gradually replaced by type I collagen, always in stroma in hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues ( but not the thymus)
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What is the chemical difference of elastic fibers
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poor in hydroxyproline and lacks hydroxylysine
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what synthesisizes reticular fibers
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the reticular cell in hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues, the fibroblast other places and the schwann cells
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What is the ground substance of CT
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Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and multiadhesive glycoproteins
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Marfan's syndrome
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absence of elastin associated fibrillin microfibrils
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Features of GAG's
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highly negatively charged
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Most important GAG
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hyaluronan, very large, synthesized outside of cells, is a string connecting many GAG complexes
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Most important multi-adhesive glycoprotein
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fibronectin
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What do fibroblast cells contain
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In active cells, extended reticulum and lots of rER and golgi
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What do macrophages contain
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large rER and sER with golgi, lysosomes, mitochondria and secretory vesicles
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What differs between myofibroblast and fibroblasts
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large thin filaments, alpha-SMA, undulating nuclear shape
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Mast cell activation
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connected to the Fc of IgE antibodies
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Contents of Mast cell granuels
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histamine, heparin, serine proteases, Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factor, leukotriene, TNF-alpha
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What do basophils not release that Mast cells do?
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serine proteases, Prostaglandin D and IL-5
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pericyte
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mesenchymal stem cells in the lamina of small blood vessels
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lamina propia
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loose connective tissue between the intestinal glands of the colon
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What stains collagen fibers
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eosin and acid dyes
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Molecular structure of collagen molecule
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triple helix with glycine, proline and hydroxyproline
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Construction of the collagen fibril
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68 nm banding with molecules lined up in rows offset 1/4 molecule
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Collagen I
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fibrillar, loose and connective tissue
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Collagen II
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fibrillar, hyaline and elastic cartilage
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Collagen III
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Reticular fibers
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Collagen IV
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non-fibrillar, basement membrane
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Collagin VII
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non-fibrillar , anchoring fibril that attach the basement membrane to extra cellular matrix
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Which fibers brance
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reticular fibers and elastic, not collagen
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Difference between fibrocyte and fibroblast
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fibroblast is activated, it is found only in loose CT
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How does a fibroblast stain
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light nucleus, basophili cytoplasm
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Shape difference between fibroblasts and cytes
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fibroblast - ovoid nucleus with lots of rER, fibrocyte, elongated nucleus
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hyaluronan
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Ground substance long molecules
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name the long molecules of ground substance
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hyaluronan
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proteoglycan aggregate
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the molecules attaching to hyaluronan in the ground substance
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name the molecules that attach to hyaluronan
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proteoglycan aggregate
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Dupuytren's disease
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thickening of of palmar aponeurosis, pulling in the outside fingers
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Fibronectin
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connects a myofibroblast to collagen through a fibronexus
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Plasma cell look
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clock face nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm (rough er)
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mast cell look
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granualized or homogeneous cytoplasm, central oval nucleus. Near blood vessels
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What antibody is associated with mast cells
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IgE
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What stabilizes mast cel membranes
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Cromolyn sodium
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diapedese
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leave the blood vessel
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reticular cell look
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large round pale staining nucleus thin rim of heterochromatin
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lymphoblast look
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large pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleolus
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lymphocyte look
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large round nucleus with a lot of heterochramotin, little cytoplasm
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Fibrocyte look
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little dark comma nucleus
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fibroblast look
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larger and lighter than fibrocyte
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myfibroblast
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add alpha smooth muscle to fibroblast
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macrophage - other names
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In connective tissue histiocyte, in the liver kupfer, in lung alveolar macrophage, in CNS microglial, in lymph and spleen, langerhans
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Plasma cell look
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offset eccentric nucleus, clockface, juxtanuclear golgi
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mast cell look
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fried egg
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mast cell produces
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heparin, leukotrienes, ECF and NCF, serin proteases (trypase and chymase), interleukins and protoglandins
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adipose look
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chicken wire, typical organelles around nucleus, surrounded by basal lamina
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eosinophil look
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red with double nucleus
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neutrophil look
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not as red as eosinophil, lobbed nucleus
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what percent of body weight is collagen
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30 perceint
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abbreviations of the collagen assembly
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Procollagen Tr becomes Fibril Mf becomes Fiber Fi and then Bundle Fb
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Location of collagen in the body
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tendons, cornea, bone, and joints
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what vitamin is necessary for collage
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vitamin C
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what does vitamin C do in connective tissue
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necessary for collagen synthesis
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what is the molecular structure of procollagen
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triple helix
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which collagen is in the eye and basal lamina
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collagen IV
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which collagen makes connective tissue Stroma
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Collagen V
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which collagen connect basal lamina to CT fibers
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collagen VII
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which collagen has a zone of hypertrophy
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Collagen X
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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brittle bone disease caused by imperfect collagen I
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Ehlers -danlos
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arterial and intestinal rupture, collage type III disorder
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Alports syndrome
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collagen IV imperfection, glomuruler problems in kidney, hearing loss, and ocular lesions
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what cells make reticular fibers
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schwann cells
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which iorgans have reticular tissue
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expandible organs, hemapoietic (spleen, lymph, bone marrow) liver, blood vessels
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where does elastic cartilage occur
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in ear, vocal cords, auditory tube, cuneiform cartilage
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what stains elastic fibers
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poor H&E desmosine and isodesmosine
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fibronectin
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dimer that binds to type I collagen and heparan sulfate surface molecules
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where is heparin
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in granules of mast cells and basophiles
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where is heparian sulfate
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basal lamina and cell surface
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what is a mucosa
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it is the surface epithelium and underliying connective tissue that lines the cavities that connect to the outside of the body
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perichondrium
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the outer layer of membrane surrounding the hyaline cartilage. It has 2 layers the inner layer has chondroblasts
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isogenous group
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a group of chondrocytes together
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lacuna
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an area that chondrocytes occupy
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territorial matrix
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the dark area around a lacuna of hyaline cartilage
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interterritorial matrix
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empty area in the midst of hyaline cartilage
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harversian canal
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large circle in the middle of bone
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osteon
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a circle surrounding a haversian canal
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volkman's canal
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crack coming from haversian canal
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canaliculi
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channels between osteocytes that communicate with gap junctions
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cement lines
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white region between osteons
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leptin
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longterm term appetite suppresant
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ghrelin
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short term appetite stimulant
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integrins
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an focal adhesion molecule
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epiphysis
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the end of the long bone to the epiphyseal line
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metaphysis
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the part of the long bone from the epiphyseal line to the marrow cavity
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diaphysis
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the part of the long bone that has marrow
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periosteum
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the fibrous layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone
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medullary cavity
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the marrow containing part of the bone
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periosteal cells
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in the periosteum of bones, can become osteoblasts
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lamellae
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the lines that surround bone osteons
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interstitial lamellae
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the remains of previous bone osteons
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lamellar bone
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mature bone
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nutrient foramina
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openings in the bone for blood vessles to enter
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endosteal cells
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innermost bone lining cells from hemopoietic progenitor
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periosteal cells
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bone lining cells that mature into osteocytes
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Perichondrium
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The fibrous layer of connective tissue surrounding cartilage
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what cells make up layer between bone and periosteum and how do they stain
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basophile osteoblasts
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where are osteoprogenitor cells
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in the periosteum layer
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endosteum
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the layer between bone and marrow
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Osteoclast look
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bigger multinucleated, combined monocytes in the endosteum
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what cells are in the endosteum
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osteoclasts
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Howship's lacunae
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small cleft at the edge of the bone marrow where osteoclasts reside
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what cells line blood vessels
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endothelial
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what type of bone formation does not involve cartilage
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intramembranous ossification
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osteoid
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unmineralized bone
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what type of bone formation involves cartilage
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intercartilaginous ossification
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Zone of reserve cartilage
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the part of cartilage in developing bone which has not started calcifying
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Zone of proliferation
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cartilage cells starting to stack in preparation for ossification
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Zone of hypertrophy
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cartilage cells are filled with glycogen in prep for ossification
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Zone of calcified cartilage
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during ossification the blood vessels are here
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zone of provisional ossification
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new bone
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osteomalacia
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no mineralization of bones
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osteopetrosis
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no reformation of bone, resulting in brittleness
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apositional growth
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in bone or cartilage, from the edge
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interstitial growth
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of cartilage, from mitotic division
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where does fibrocartilage occur
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intervertebral discs, ligaments, always associated with dense ct
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Calcintonin
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inhibits bone resorption
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PTH
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stimulates bone resorption
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The form that calcium and phosphorous take in bone
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hydroxyapatite crystals
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hydroxyapatite crystales
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the form that calcium and phosphorous take in bone
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calvaria
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have flat bones
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describe flat bones
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compact bone in plates surrounding diploe spongy bone
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lamellated bone
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adult, mature bone
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woven bone
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immature or primary bone
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Cartilage ECM collagen
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Types 2,6,9,10,11
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somatotropin
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Pituitary growth hormone
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What does the territorial matrix contain
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less collagen, stains dark
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What does the inter-territorial matric contain
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more collage stains lighter
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What hormones increase cartilage growth
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somatotrophin, thyroxin testosterone
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What hormones slow cartilage growth
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cortisone, estradiol
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Name the two types of cartilage growth
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appositional (from the perichondrium) and interstitial(from the inside)
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versican
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more of this in fibrocartilage than hyaline cartilage
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cellular alignment of fibrocartilage
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chondrocytes in a line
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What is the marker for the osteoblast cell
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alkaline phosphatase in matrix vesicles
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filopodia
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the processes of osteocytes that run through the caniculi
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Lamellae
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the round regions circluing the haversian canal
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What is the marker for osteoclast cells
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acid phosphatase
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Paget's disease
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uncontrolled osteoclast activity
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osteocalcin
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captures calcium
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The first ossified bone in the body
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clavicle
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Layers of the synovium
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intima and subintima
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What is the clear space near an osteoclast
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howship's lacuna
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What is the name of the canals that come off of haversian canal
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volkman's canals
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