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230 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a bundle of nerve fibers called
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fascicle
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Uncus
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nodule posterior to the amygdala
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corpus callosum
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the body in the middle othe cerebrum
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How many spinal nerves
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31 pair
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What is the name of the end of the spinal cord
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conus medularis
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types of neuroglia
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astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia
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spinal ganglia
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the nerve bodies just outside the spinal cord
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What are the sections of the white matter of the spinal cord
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dorsal lateral and ventral funiculi
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The output portion ofa neuron
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the axon
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Where are the white and grey matter anatomically
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in the cerebrum and cerebellum the grey matter is on the outside, in the brainstem the white mattter is on the outside while nodes nucleii of grey are within, in the spinal cord the grey matter is in the shap of an H and surrounded by white
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The input portion of a neuron
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the dendrite
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hippocampal formation
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long cord posterior to the uncus
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Where is the primary somatosensory cortex
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in the postcentral gyrus
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Name the parts of the brainstem
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midbrain, pons, medulla
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How many cervical vertebrae and nerves
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7 vertebrae, 8 pair of nerves
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Where is the limbic lobe
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in the medial aspects of the frontal parietal and temporal lobes
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sylvian fissue
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another name for the lateral sulcus
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Where is the conus medularris in an adult
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between L1 and L2
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nissl bodies
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inside the neuron cell body
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Astrocytes
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The cells that maintain the microenvironment of neurons by regulating movement of matobolites and wastes
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name the folds anterior and posterior to the central culcus
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precentral and postcentral gyri
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Where is the primary auditory cortex
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in the temporal lobe
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Where are lumbar puncutures done
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on each side of L4
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Pressure on the cauda equina from osteoarthritis
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lumbar spondylosis (degenerative joint disease)
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Neuroglia
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supporting cells of the CNS
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what is the difference between grey and white matter of the brain
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grey matter has massive collections of neurons while the white matter has large bundles of nerve fibers
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Where is the epidural anesthesia injected
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L4/L5
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Name the major parts of the brain
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cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
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another name for the lateral sulcus
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sylvian fissure
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how many coccygeal vertebrae and nerves
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1 pair
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amygdyla
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anterior nodule underneath the corpus callosum
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What are the layers of the meninges
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pi, arachnoid, dura
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the body in the middle othe cerebrum
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corpus callosum
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The cells that maintain the microenvironment of neurons by regulating movement of metobolites and wastes
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Astrocytes
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what is the function of the cerebellum
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receives sensory inputs and coording ongoing movements and fine motor planning and dexterity
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name of the group of nerve fibers inferior to the conus medulara
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cauda equina
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Which nerve is the optic
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Cranail nerve II
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the cutting of dorsal (motor) or ventral(sensory) rootlets of a nerve
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Rhizotomy
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ischemia
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Inadequate blood supply to a nerve
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What is the name for irregular unccordinated movements
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ataxia
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Thalamus
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the body inferior to the corpus callosum and containing the pineal gland and the choroid plexus
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anterior nodule underneath the corpus callosum
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amygdyla
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How many thoracic vertebrae and nerves
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12 pair
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the space in between myeline sleeves
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node of Ranvier
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the portion of a neuron that separates the body from the axon
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axon hillock
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The neurotransmitters of the ANS
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acetocholine in parasymp and acetocholine and then norepenephrine in the sympa
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denticulate ligament
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ligament attaching spinal pia to dura
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name the sulcii of the brain
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longitudinal cerebral fissue, central sulcus, lateral sulcus, , parieto-occipital sulcus
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supporting cells of the CNS
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neuroglia
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Schwann cells
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also called neurilemmal cells - produce myelin in the PNS
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How many cranial nerves
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12 pair
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node of Ranvier
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the space in between myeline sleeves
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reticular formation of the brain
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the central area of all portions of the brainstem, small neurons and nerve fibers that function in levels of consciousness and centers for respiratory, nausea, and cardiac control
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Nucleus (Nerves)
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a collection of neurons performnig a similar function within the CNS
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dural root sleeve
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sleeve of dura covering spinal nerve roots
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The cells that produce myeline in the PNS
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Schwann or Neurilemmal cells
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Rhizotomy
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the cutting of dorsal (motor) or ventral(sensory) rootlets of a nerve
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how many sacral vertebrae and nerves
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5 pair
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What are the myelinating cells
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schwann cells PNS and oligodendrocyte
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sensory speech area
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just posterior to the lateral sulcus
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Motor speech area of the brain
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middle of the frontal lobe lateral side and just superior to the temporal lobe
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What is ALS
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Amyotrophic Lateral Ischemia
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What is the name of the opening in the base of the skull where the brainstem and spinal cord have a junction
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foramen magnum
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Name the lobes of the cerbrum
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frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
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The blood cells of a nerve
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vasa nervorum
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oligodendrocytes
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The cells that produce myelin in the CNS
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what causes ataxia
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cerebrellar lesions
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what is a collection of nerves outside the CNS called
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ganglion
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lumbar spondylosis
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degenerative joint disease (pressure on the cauda equina from osteoathritis)
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Where is the spinal anesthesia injected?
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L3/L4
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Where is the primary visual cortex
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occipital
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long cord posterior to the uncus
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hippocampal formation
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Where is the primary motor cortex
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in the precentral gyrus
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Neurilemmal cells
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also called Schwann cells - produce myelin in the PNS
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Dendrite
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input portion of a neuron
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What is the limbic lobe
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a functional lobe including parts of the other lobes that regulate memory, appetites, and autonomic and neuroendocrine control
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Which nerve is the olfactory
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Cranial nerve I
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phagocytic cells of the CNS
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microglia
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Which cranial nerves do not arise from the brainstem
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Olfactory nerve (I), Optic nerve (II) and spinal accessory (XI)
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paresthesia
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pressure on a nerve causing "pins and needles" sensation
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nodule posterior to the amygdala
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Uncus
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what are the names of the large nerve plexuses in the cervical and lumbar enlargements
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brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus
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where are the enlargements of the spinal cord
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cervical enlargement at C5 through T2, Lumbar enlargement at L4 through S3
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How many lumbar vertebrae and nerves
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5 pair
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The cells that produce myelin in the CNS
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oligodendrocytes
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a collection of neurons performnig a similar function within the CNS
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Nucleus (Nerves)
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Regions of the spine
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cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral cocccygeal
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Inadequate blood supply to a nerve
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ischemia
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Degenerative joint disease
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lumbar spondylosis (pressue on the cauda equina from osteoarthritis)
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microglia
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phagocytic cells of the CNS
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Name the parts of a nerve fiber
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epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
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Where are the afferent and efferent gangliar in the spinal cord
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The dorsal ganglia are afferent and the ventral ganglia are efferent
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What is the middle portion of the cerebellum called
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the vermis
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what is the name of the outflow for the sympathetic NS
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thoracolumbar outflow
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What are the divisions of the thoracolumbar outflow
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paravertebral ganglia and prevertebral (preaortic ganaglia)
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what is the location of the postsynaptic ganglia of the paravertebral chain of the sympathetic nervous system
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on both sides of the vertebral column along the entire length
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what is the location of the postsynaptic preaortic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system
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around the three major unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
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What are the three major branches of the abdominal aorta
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celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery
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Names of supporting cells of neurons in the CNS
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glial cells
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Names of supporting cells of neurons in the PNS
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satellite cells
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dorsal root ganglia
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the location of the sensory root ganglia of the spinal cord
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cranial nerve ganglia
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the location of the sensory root ganglia of the cranial nerves
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What kind of neurons are sensory neurons
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pseudounipolar
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What kind of neurons are motor neurons
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multipolar
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What are the rami
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the nerve fibers coming out of the pinal nerve after the sensory ganglion
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intercostal nerves
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the divisions of the ventral primary ramus
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Dermatome of thumb and index finger
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c6
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Middle finger dermatome
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C7
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Fourth and fifth finger dematome
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C8
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Sternal angle dermatome
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T2
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nipple dermatome
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T4
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umbilicus dermatome
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T10
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Inguinal area dermatome
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L1
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Knee dermatome
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L3
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Medial foot dermatome
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L5 (mostly)
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lateral foot dermatome
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S1
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Abdominal reflex
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tests T7-T9 and T10-T12
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Cremasteric reflex
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Tests L1-L2
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Plantar reflex
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tests L5-S1
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Anal reflex
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Tests S2-S4
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Biceps reflex
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tests C5 & C6
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Brachioradialis reflex
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Tests C5-C7
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Triceps reflex
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Tests C6-8
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Quadriceps femoris reflex
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Tests L2-L3 & L4
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Achilles tendon reflex
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tests S1 & S2
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major plexuxes of the body
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cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral
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what does the cervical plexus cover
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C1-C5
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What does the brachial plexus cover
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C5-T1
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What does the lumbar plexus cover
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L1-L4
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What does the sacral plexus cover
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L4-S4
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neuralgia
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pain from damage to a nerve
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What is the neurotransmitter of the spinal cord
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glutamate
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What are the ganglia in the cranium called
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parasympathetic ganglia
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Intermedial cell column
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location of the sympathetic cell bodies in the grey matter of the spinal cord
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location of the sympathetic cell bodies in the grey matter of the spinal cord
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Intermedial cell column
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Which are the cranial parasymp nerves
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III, VII, IX, X
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What are the cranial nerves of the eye
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II - optic, III - occulomotor, IV Trochlear, V Opthalmic division of the Trigleminal, VI Abducens
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What are the divisions of CN V
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Trigleminal is a sensory nerve divided into Opthalmic (for the eye and up) Maxillary (upper jaw to eye) and the Mandibular (for the lower jaw)) The Mandibular also has carries parasymp motor nerve for saliva
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What are the parasympatathetic cranial nerves
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III (Occulomotor for dilation), VII (Facial for salivary), IX (Glossopharyngeal for parotid salivary), X (Vagus for parasymp of cardio/thoracic organs), (LR6 SO4)3 Lateral Rectus muscle is CR6 abducens - and Superior Oblique is CR4 Trochlear, CR3 is Occulomotor
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What are the pharangeal arch Cranial nerves
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The only nerves both motor and sensory except for the XII:hypoglossal tongue) Arch 1 - V: Trigemonal, Arch 2: VII Facial, Arch 3: IX Glossopharangeal, Arch 4 & 5:X Vagus -- XI spinal accessory nerve also has SVE so it is pharangeal like
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What are the parasympathetic ganglion in the head
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ciliary ganglion (III, Oculomotor), pterygopalatine (VII facial), submandibular (VII facial again), Otic (IX Glossopharyngeal)
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CN I
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Olfactory. Enters forebrain. SVA. Mucosa of nose, exits the ethmoid bone, does not have sensory ganglia
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CN III
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Occulomotor. GSE & GVE (parasymp), from brainstem, parasymp dilates pupil and initiates accomadation response while extraoccular muscles turn eyeball and open eyelid, exits superior orbital fissure, ciliary ganglion
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CN IV
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Trochlear, GSE, enters brainstem, turns eyeball medial, exits superior orbital fissure, smallest c. nerve with longest course
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CN V
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Trigleminal, GSA & SVE (Pharyngeal), from brainstem, 3 dematomes of the face and mastication motors, exits three places superior orbital and rotundum and ovale, has 4 nuclei
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CN VI
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Abducens, GSE, enters brainstem, abducts eye, exits superior orbital
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CN VII
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facial, SVA & GSA & SVE (pharyngeal) & GVE (parasymp), enters brainstem, facial expression & anterior mouth taste & salivary & GSA from skin around the ear, three exits acoustic meatus and facial canal and stylomastoid, geniculate ganglion or sensory ganglion of CN VII & parasymp ganglia pterygopalatine + submandibular, special danger to newborns and most frequently paralyzed
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CN VIII
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vestibulocochlear, SSA, enters brainstem, hearing and balance, exits acousic meatus
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CN IX
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Glossopharangeal, GSA & SVA & GVA & SVE (pharangeal) & GVE (parasymp), enters brainstem, ear canal & external ear & parasymp to parotid gland & taste from posterior tongue, exits jugular foramen, otic parasymp ganglion, gag reflex nerve
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CN X
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Vagus, GSA & SVA & GVA & GVA & SVE (pharangeal) & GVE (parasymp), enters brainstem, taste from palatte & parasymp control of visceral organs, exits jugular foramen,
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CN XI
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Spinal accessory, GSE & SVE (partly pharangeal), enters Spinal cord, motor to trapezius, exits jugular foramen
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CN XII
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Hypoglossal, GSE, enters brainstem, tongue control, exits hypoglossal canal
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Special vulnerability of newborns in cranial nerves
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CN VII Facial - the mstoid process is not developed
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Which cranial nerves exit the jugular
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IX Glossopharyngeal, X Vagus, XI Spinal Accessory
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Which cranial nerves have multiple exits
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V Trigeminal, Facial VII
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Olfactory
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CN I
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Which number of cranial nerve is the optic
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CN II
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Oculomotor
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CN III
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Trochlear
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CN IV
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Trigeminal
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CN V
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Abducent
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CN VI
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Facial
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CN VII
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Vestibulocochlear
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CN VIII
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Glossopharyngeal
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CN IX
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Vagus
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CN X
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Spinal Accessory
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CN XI
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Which number of cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal
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CN XII
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Which glands are stimulated by CN VII (Facial)
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lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, palatal, nasal mucosal
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Which glands are stimulated by CN IX
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paratid gland
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What and where is the ciliary ganglion
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Parasymp ganglion of CN III (Occulomotor) , in the posterio orbit
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What and where is the pterygopalatine ganglion
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one of the parasymp ganglions of CN VII (facial), behind the pterygopalatine fossa behind the cheek bone
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What and where is the submandibular ganglion
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one of the parasymp ganglions of CN VII (facial), just under the jaw
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What and where is the otic ganglion
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parasymp ganglion of CN IX (glossopharangeal) back of the cheek bone
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What and where is the geniculate ganglion
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sensory ganglion of CN VII (Facial), posterior to the back of the jaw
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the heart and what path do the nerves take
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all of the cervical ganglions through the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the eye and what is the nerve path
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superior cervical ganglion through the carotid periarterial plexus
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the lungs and what path do the nerves take
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T1-T5 through the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the liver and gall bladder and what path do the nerves take
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prevertebral through the celiac ganglion
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the stomach pancreas and spleen
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prevertebral through the celiac ganglion
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the adrenal and kidneys
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prevertebral through the aorticorenal ganglion
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the bladder and penis
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prevertebral through the inferior mesenteric ganglion
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Where are the sympathatic ganglion(s) to the intestines, adrenal, kidneys, rectum, and anus
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prevertebral through the superior mesenteric ganglion
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What is the exit of CN I
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cribiformplate of the ethmoid bone
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What is the exit of CN II
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optic canal
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What is the exit of CN III
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superior orbital fissure
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What is the exit of CN IV
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superior orbital fissure
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What is the exit of CN V
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3 places: ophthalmic superior orbital fissues, maxillary foramen rotundum, mandibular foramen ovale
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What is the exit of CN VI
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superior orbital fissure
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What is the exit of CN VII
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acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid
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What is the exit of CN VIII
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acoustic meatus
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What is the exit of CN IX
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jugular foramen
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What is the exit of CN X
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jugular foramen
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What is the exit of CN XI
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jugular foramen
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What is the exit of CN XII
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hypoglossal canal
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What exits the cribiformplate
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CN1 olfactory
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What exits the optic canal
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CN2 Optic
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What exits the superior orbital fissure
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CN III Occulomotor, CN IV Trochlear, CN V(1) Trigleminal ophthalmic, CN VI Abducens
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What exits the acoustic meatus
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Part of CN VII facial, CN VIII vestibulocochlear
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What exits the jugular
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CN IX Glossopharangeal, CN X Vagus, CN XI, spinal accesory
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What exits the hypoglossal canal
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CN XII hypoglossal
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What exits the foramen rotundum
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CN V(2) Trigleminal maxillary
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What exits the foramen ovale
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CN V(3) Trigleminal mandibular
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What exits the facial canal
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Part of CN VII facial
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What exits the styloid mastoid
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part of CN VII Facial
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What mode is CN I
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Olfactory is SVA
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What mode is CN II
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Optic is SSA
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What mode is CN III
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Occulomotor is GSE & GVE (Parasymp) for pupil dilation and accomodation
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What mode is CN IV
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Trochlear is GSE
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What mode is CN V(1)
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Trigleminal Ophthalmic is GSA
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What mode is CN V(2)
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Trigleminal Maxillary is GSA
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What mode is CN V(3)
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Trigleminal Mandibular is GSA and SVE
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What mode is CN VI
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Abducens is GSE
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What mode is CN VII
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Facial is SVA & GSA & SVE (pharyngeal) and GVE (parasymp)
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What mode is CN VIII
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Vestibulocochlear is SSA
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What mode is CN IX
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Gossopharangeal is GSA & SVA & GVA & SVE (pharangeal) & GVE (parasymp to parotid)
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What mode is CN X
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Vagus is GSA & SVA & GVA & SVE (pharangeal) & GVE (parasymp)
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What mode is CN XI
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Spinal accessory is GSE & SVE (partly pharangeal)
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What mode is CN XII
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Hypoglossal is GSE & SVE (partly pharangeal)
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What is the function of CN I
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Olfactory is smelling
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What is the function of CN II
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Optic is seeing
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What is the function of CN III
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Occulomotor turns the eye and parasymp dilates the pupil and accomodates
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What is the function of CN IV
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Trochlear adducts the eye
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What is the function of CN V
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Trigleminal feels on the face and masticates
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What is the function of CN VI
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Abducens adducts the eye
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What is the function of CN VII
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Facial moves the face, anterior mouth taste, parasymp to saliva
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What is the function of CN VIII
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vestibulocochlear has hearing and balance
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What is the function of CN IX
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glossopharangeal has motor control of tonsil area, taste and feel of posterior tongue, parasymp of parotid,
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What is the function of CN X
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Vagus taste from palatte Parasymp to thoracic organs
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What is the function of CN XI
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Controls the SCM and trapezius
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What is the function of CN XII
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tongue control
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