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176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Who is the father of Dental Hygiene? and who was his assistant?
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Dr. Alfred Civilion Fones
Irene Newman |
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What year was Dental Hygiene founded?
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1906
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When was the first DH School established and where?
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1913 - Bridgeport, CT
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What year did ADA endorse licensure for dental hygienists?
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1916
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What year was the 1st DH license issued and in what state?
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1917 - Connecticut
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When were the 1st continuing education courses held?
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1920s
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What year was the first code of ethics adopted?
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1929
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What year was the 1st Professional liability insurance offered?
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1963
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When were men accepted for DH licensure?
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1964-1970
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What year did Florida SBOD mandate wearing of gloves for intraoral procedures?
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1987
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What year did Georgia Dental Association introduce bill for preceptorship but was defeted?
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1989
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What year did the OSHA standards of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens become law?
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1992
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What year was the DHNet established?
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1996
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What year did the ADHA appoint the 1st executive director that is a dental hygienist? What was her name?
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2005 - Ann Battrell
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What increases a person's respiratory rate?
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Work, Exercize, Excitement, Nervousness, Strong emotions, Pain, hemorrhage, Shock
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List 3 things that reduce respiratory rate.
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Sleep, Certain Drugs, Pulmonary insufficiency
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List 6 things that increase pulse rate.
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Exercise, stimulants, eating, strong emotions, extremes of heat or cold, heart disease.
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List 5 things that decrease pulse rate.
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Sleep, depressants, fasting, quieting emotions, low vitality from chronic illenss.
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List 5 things that increase blood pressure.
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Excerise, eating, stimulants, emotional disturbance, use of oral contraceptives.
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List 5 things that decrease blood pressure.
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Fasting, Rest, Depressants, Quieting Emotions, Emergencies such as fainting, blood loss, shock.
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What is normal adult respiration?
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14-20 per minute
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What is normal respiration for a child under 1 years old?
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30/ minute
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What is normal respiration for a child under 8 years old?
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20 / minute
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What is normal respiration for a child under 15 years old?
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18 / minute
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List 5 Vital Signs.
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Body Temperature, Blood Pressure, Pulse, Respiration, Smoking Status
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What is normal body temperature for an adult?
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98.6
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What is normal body temperature for a child?
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98.0 - 99.1
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What is normal Blood Pressure for an adult?
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120/80
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What is considered prehypertension?
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120-139 over 80-89
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What is considered Stage 1 Hypertension?
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140-159 over 90-99
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What is considered Stage 2 Hypertension?
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160/100
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What is normal pulse rate for an adult?
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60-100 beats per minute
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Pulse rate is slightly higher in men or women?
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Women
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What is the normal pulse rate for in-utero?
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150 beats per minute
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What is the normal pulse rate for babies at birth?
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130 beats per minute
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What is the normal pulse rate for children 2 years of age?
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105 beats per minute
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What is the normal pulse rate for children 4 years of age?
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90 beats per minute
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What is the normal pulse rate for children 10 years of age?
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70 beats per minute
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What is normal blood pressure for a 3 year old?
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108/70
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What is normal blood pressure for a 6 year old?
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114/74
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What is normal blood pressure for a 12 year old?
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122/78
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What sounds are heard from the blood pressure stethoscope?
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Korotkoff sounds
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Where do you place the blood pressure cuff?
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1 " above antecubital fossa
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What is the lowest blood pressure called; when the heart relaxes between contractions.
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Diastolic pressure
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What is the highest blood pressure called; when the heart contracts.
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Systolic pressure
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What instrument is used to measure blood pressure; includes cuff, bulb, gauge.
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Sphygmomanometer
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Instrument used to hear the sounds of the heart, lungs, and other organs.
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Stethoscope
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What is the only state that has a preceptorship program?
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Alabama
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What do you observe when taking a patient's respiration?
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Depth, rhythm, quality, sounds, position of patient.
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When measuring blood pressure on a patient, the first sound that you hear is noted as which systolic or diastolic?
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Systolic
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When measuring blood pressure on a patient, when you no longer hear the sounds you note is as which systolic or diastolic?
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Diastolic
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List 5 sites for determining pulse rate.
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Radial - wrist
Carotid - neck Brachial - upper arm Temporal - head Facial - border of mandible |
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Which finger should you avoid to use when taking a patient's pulse?
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Thumbs
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What do you observe when taking a patient's pulse?
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Rhythm, strength, volume
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A process by which ALL forms of life are destroyed, including spores is called?
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Sterilization
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A process by which the number of organisms on an inanimate object is reduced to a safe level is called?
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Sanitations
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An agent that destroys microorganisms but may not kill spores; refers to fomite.
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Disinfectant
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A substance that inhibits or destroys microorganisms; applied to living tissue.
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Antiseptic
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Lesions that occur on and around the lips caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 virus.
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Herpes Liabialis
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What is the mode of transmission for Herpes Liabialis?
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Saliva
Direct contact Indirect contact Sexual contact |
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Herpes Simplex type 1 and type 2 virus travels through which nerve?
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Nerve Ganglia
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Enterically transmitted hepatitis transmitted through fecal - oral route and through contaminated water.
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Hepatitis E
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Which Hepatitis occures as a coinfection with Hepatitis B, through blood transmission, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission?
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Hepatitis D aka "Delta Hapatitis"
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Hepatitis known as infection of the liver and is the most common blood-borne infection?
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Hepatitis C
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How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
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Blood
Percutaneous Needles |
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Also known as a liver infection; also known as serum hepatitis; a serious occupational hazard to healthcare personnel.
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Hepatitis B
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How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
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Blood
Saliva Sexual contact Perinatal All body fluids |
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HIV can cause fungal infections on the tongue called?
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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How is AIDS transmitted?
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Blood
Sexual contact Transplacental Perinatal |
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Also known as infectious hepatitis where you get flu-like symptoms, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, adbominal pain, enlarged liver, and jaundice; transmitted through fecal-oral route; food; water; shellfish.
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Hepatitis A
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Lesions around the eyes caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 virus.
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Ocular herpetic infections
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Lesions around the fingers caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2.
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Herpetic whitlow
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Wide spread oral ulcers on the gingiva caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 virus.
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Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.
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Childhood disease caused by Varicella-zoster.
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Chicken pox
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Disease caused by Varicella-zoster usually occurs in adults.
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Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
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Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus and transmitted by Direct Contact and Saliva.
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Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
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Infection of the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis
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List 3 modes of transmission for tuberculosis.
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Droplets
Sputum Saliva |
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The difference between systolic and diastolic will give you ____________.
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Pulse
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Classification of surfaces:
penetrate soft tissue or bone; should sterilize or dispose; needles, curets, explorers, probes. |
Critical
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Classification of surfaces:
Touch intact mucous membrane and oral fluids, sterilize after each use or high level disinfectant; biteblock, handpiece, condenser, mirror. |
Semicritical
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Classification of surfaces:
Do not touch fluids, just unbroken skin; clean and tuberculocidal; intermediate disifinfectant; light handles, x-ray machien parts, safety glasses. |
Noncritical
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No contact with patient, clean and low to intermediate disinfectant; counters, equipment surface, housekeeping surfaces.
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Environmental
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Which agency protects the safety and health of the workforce?
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OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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Which agency represents dental hygienists worldwide; increases public awareness; promotes access to quality preventative care.
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IFDH - International Federation of Dental Hygiene
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List 9 roles of a dental hygienist.
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Clinician
Educator Researcher Public Health Industries Gov't Agencies Hospital/Institutional care Admin/manager Advocate |
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ASA Classification:
Normal, healthy patient with no apparant systemic disease. |
ASA I
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Green Flag
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ASA Classification:
Cancer, cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, infectious disease, renal disease, respiratory disease |
ASA V
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End Stage - elective dental care should be postponed.
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ASA Classification:
Unstable angina pectoris; CVA within the past 6 months; uncontrolled epilepsy; severe CHP or COPD; BP greater than 200. |
ASA IV
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Red Flag for dental treatment
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ASA Classification:
Healthy patient over 60; BP 140-160 over 90-94; patient with mild systemic disease; anxious or fearful of dentist; well controlled diabetes, epilepsy, asthma. |
ASA II
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Yellow Flag; employ stress reduction strategies.
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ASA Classification:
Stable angina pectoris, hyperthyroid disorders; post myocardial infarction more than 6 months; emphsema or chronic bronchitis, BP 160-200 over 94-114. |
ASA III
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Yellow Flag; employ stress reduction strategies and check for anti-biotic premedication
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Infectious parotitis is caused by what virus?
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Mumps virus
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What are 3 types of dental hygiene services?
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Preventative
Educational Therapeutic |
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Define Preceptorship.
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On the job training for Dental Hygienists.
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Define Self-regulation.
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Dental hygienists would be responsible for education, licensing, and practice of dental hygienists
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What are the core values of dental hygiene practice? List 10.
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Justice/Fairness
Moral Nonmalificience Veracity Virtue Beneficience Societal Trust Confidentiality Autonomy Fidelity |
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Unusually fast heartbeat; at a rate of greater than 100 beats per minute.
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Tachycardia
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Unusually slow heartbeat; slowing of pulse rate.
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Bradycardia
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Process by which all forms of life including bacterial spores are destroyed by physical or cheminal means
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Sterilization
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Process by which the number of organisms on an inanimate object is reduced to a safe level.
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Sanitation
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An abnormal elevation of body temperature above 37 degrees celcius.
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Pyrexia
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What does IFDH stand for and when was it founded?
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International Federation of Dental Hygienists - 1986
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What is the time, temperature, and pressure of an autoclave?
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15-30 minutes
250 degrees F 121 C 15psi |
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What is the time and temperature of dry heat oven?
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120 minutes
320 F 160 C |
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What is the time, temperature, and pressure of unsaturated chemical vapor?
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20 minutes
270 F 132 C 20-40 psi |
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Name 4 chemical disinfecting agents.
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Chlorines
Glutaraldehydes Iodophors Phenolics Super-quats |
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What does CDCP stand for and who does it protect?
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Center for Disease Control and Prevention - protects the public
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What does OSHA stand for and who does it protect?
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Occupational Safety & Health Administration and it protects the workforce
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First state to allow independent practive of dental hygiene?
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Colorado
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What is the incubation period for Tuberculosis?
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2 to 10 weeks
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Blood borne hepatitis which is the most common for liver transplants.
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Hepatitis C
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List 6 characteristics of an ideal mask
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1. No contact with nose or lips
2. High bacterial efficiency rate 3. Fits snugly 4. No fogging of eyewear 5. Convenient to put on and off 6. Does not irritate or collapse when wet. |
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What are the four methods of handwashing.
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Routine wash
Antiseptic wash Antiseptic hand rub surgical scrub |
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List 5 steps for a routine wash.
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1. Wet hands, apply soap
2. Rub hands for at least 15 sec. 3. Interlace fingers Rinse under running water Dry thoroughly with paper towel |
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List 7 steps for an antiseptic wash.
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Remove all jewerly and fasten hair back.
Don protective eyewear and mask Use cool water and antimicrobial soap Lather hands, wrists, and forearms, keep water running Rub vigorously Rinse from fingertips down the hands Repeat 2x |
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What is an antisetic rub?
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Rubbing hands with alcohol based hand rub.
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What is the chain of infection?
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Microorganisms
Reservoir Exit Vector Mode of entry susceptible host |
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What type of disinfectant inactivates spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
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High level disinfectants such as Glutaraldehydes.
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What type of disinfectant inactivates all forms of microorganisms but does not destroy spores.
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Intermediate level disinfectants such as Phenolics, Iodophors, and Super-Quats
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What type of disinfectant inactivates vegetative bacteria and certain lipid-type viruses but do not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or nonlipid viruses.
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Low level disinfectants such as Chlorines.
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Floride Overdose can result in a coma or death, what action can you take after flouride overdose to prevent fatality?
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Give a glass of salt water
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What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis A?
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Fecal/oral is the most common
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What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis B?
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Blood and other body fluids
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What is the mode of transmission for AIDS/HIV?
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Sexual contact
Blood Perinatal Postnatal (breastfeeding) |
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Recurrent infection of Chicken Pox
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Shingles/ Herpes Zoster
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Heres Simplex Virus Type I travels along which nerve?
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Nerve ganglia in Trigeminal nerve
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type II travels along which nerve?
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Nerve ganglia in Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral, dorsal root ganglia
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What drugs are used to treat Herpes Simlex Virus?
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Acyclovir; Valaclovir; Famcyclovir
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What is the mode of transmission for Tuberculosis?
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Inhalation of droplets
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Drugs used for Tuberculosis?
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Isoniazid (INH) for 9 months
Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
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What test is used to check if tuberculosis is active or inactive?
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Mantoux
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An approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for AIDS, HIV, HBV, and other blood-borne pathogens.
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Universal Precautions
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An approach to infection control to protect DHC and patinets from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other fluid, secretion, or excretion (except sweat) regardless of whether they contain blood.
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Standard precautions
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Gaseous Sterilization not generally found in dental practices but are in hospitals.
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Ethylene Oxide
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Type of waste that contains items that have contacted blood or other body secretions.
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Contaminated waste
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Type of bacteria that is less susceptible to destruction by disinfectants due to the fact that they are stable inhabitants.
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Resident bacteria
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This type of bacteria may have pathogenic bacteria, they continuously contaminate and may be easily washed with soap and water.
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Transient bacteria
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Measures carried out so that disease is truly prevented: Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Prevantative?
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Primary
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Measures carried out for treatment of early disease to prevent further progress: Primary, Seondary, or Tertiary Preventative?
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Secondary
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Measures carried out to replace lost tissues and to rehabilitate the oral cavity: Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Preventative?
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Tertiary
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ASA Classification:
Normal healthy patient with no apparent systemic disease. |
ASA I
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ASA Classification:
Patient with mild systemic disease. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Patient with severe but not incapacitating systemic disease. |
ASA III
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ASA Classification:
Patient with a life-threatening, incapacitating systemic disease. |
ASA IV
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ASA Classification:
Patient not expected to survive 24 hrs. |
ASA V
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ASA Classification:
Healthy patient over 60 years old. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Patient with Blood pressure that is 140-160 over 90-94. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Healthy patient who is anxious or fearful of dental treatment. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Patient with well-controlled diabetes. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Patient with well controlled epilepsy. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Patient with well controlled Asthma. |
ASA II
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ASA Classification:
Patient with stable angina pectoris. |
ASA III
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ASA Classification:
Patient with symptomatic hyper or hypothyroid disorders. |
ASA III
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ASA Classification:
Status post CVA & myocardial infarction more than 6 months before treatment with no residual signs or symptoms. |
ASA III
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ASA Classification:
Patient with emphysema or chronic bronchitis. |
ASA III
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ASA Classification:
Patient with blood pressure of 160 - 200 over 94-114 |
ASA III
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What action do you take with an ASA II patient?
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Employ stress-reduction stratergies and begin dental treatment.
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What action do you take with an ASA III patient?
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Emply stress-reduction strategies and see if antibiotics are needed, begin dental treatment.
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ASA Classification:
Patient with unstable angina pectoris. |
ASA IV
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ASA Classification:
Patient with CVA within the past 6 months. |
ASA IV
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ASA Classification:
Patient with uncontrolled IDDM and epilepsy. |
ASA IV
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ASA Classification:
Patient with blood pressure greater than 220 |
ASA IV
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What action do you take with an ASA IV patient?
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Red flag - do not proceed with dental treatment, elective dental treatment should be postponed, and emergency dental treatment should be done in a hospital type setting.
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ASA Classification:
Patient with Cancer. |
ASA V
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ASA Classification:
Patient with Cardiovascular disease. |
ASA V
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ASA Classification:
Patient with Hepatic disease. |
ASA V
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How many beats per minute is considered Tachycardia?
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over 100 bpm
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How many beats per minute is considered Bradycardia?
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under 50 bpm
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Repeatedly bending the hand up, down, or side to side and pinch-gripping an instrument without resting the muscles causes?
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Holding the little finger away from hand causes?
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Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
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Holding the lower arm away from the torso of the body causes?
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Pronator Syndrome
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Repeatedly bending the hand up, down, and from side to side at the wrist causes?
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Tendinitis
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Extending the fingers independently of each other causes?
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Extensor Wad Strain
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Tilting the head forward; hunching the shoulders forward; and continuously reaching overhead causes?
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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Holding the elbow above waist level and holding the upper arm away from body causes?
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Rotator cuff tendinitis
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