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176 Cards in this Set

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Who is the father of Dental Hygiene? and who was his assistant?
Dr. Alfred Civilion Fones
Irene Newman
What year was Dental Hygiene founded?
1906
When was the first DH School established and where?
1913 - Bridgeport, CT
What year did ADA endorse licensure for dental hygienists?
1916
What year was the 1st DH license issued and in what state?
1917 - Connecticut
When were the 1st continuing education courses held?
1920s
What year was the first code of ethics adopted?
1929
What year was the 1st Professional liability insurance offered?
1963
When were men accepted for DH licensure?
1964-1970
What year did Florida SBOD mandate wearing of gloves for intraoral procedures?
1987
What year did Georgia Dental Association introduce bill for preceptorship but was defeted?
1989
What year did the OSHA standards of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens become law?
1992
What year was the DHNet established?
1996
What year did the ADHA appoint the 1st executive director that is a dental hygienist? What was her name?
2005 - Ann Battrell
What increases a person's respiratory rate?
Work, Exercize, Excitement, Nervousness, Strong emotions, Pain, hemorrhage, Shock
List 3 things that reduce respiratory rate.
Sleep, Certain Drugs, Pulmonary insufficiency
List 6 things that increase pulse rate.
Exercise, stimulants, eating, strong emotions, extremes of heat or cold, heart disease.
List 5 things that decrease pulse rate.
Sleep, depressants, fasting, quieting emotions, low vitality from chronic illenss.
List 5 things that increase blood pressure.
Excerise, eating, stimulants, emotional disturbance, use of oral contraceptives.
List 5 things that decrease blood pressure.
Fasting, Rest, Depressants, Quieting Emotions, Emergencies such as fainting, blood loss, shock.
What is normal adult respiration?
14-20 per minute
What is normal respiration for a child under 1 years old?
30/ minute
What is normal respiration for a child under 8 years old?
20 / minute
What is normal respiration for a child under 15 years old?
18 / minute
List 5 Vital Signs.
Body Temperature, Blood Pressure, Pulse, Respiration, Smoking Status
What is normal body temperature for an adult?
98.6
What is normal body temperature for a child?
98.0 - 99.1
What is normal Blood Pressure for an adult?
120/80
What is considered prehypertension?
120-139 over 80-89
What is considered Stage 1 Hypertension?
140-159 over 90-99
What is considered Stage 2 Hypertension?
160/100
What is normal pulse rate for an adult?
60-100 beats per minute
Pulse rate is slightly higher in men or women?
Women
What is the normal pulse rate for in-utero?
150 beats per minute
What is the normal pulse rate for babies at birth?
130 beats per minute
What is the normal pulse rate for children 2 years of age?
105 beats per minute
What is the normal pulse rate for children 4 years of age?
90 beats per minute
What is the normal pulse rate for children 10 years of age?
70 beats per minute
What is normal blood pressure for a 3 year old?
108/70
What is normal blood pressure for a 6 year old?
114/74
What is normal blood pressure for a 12 year old?
122/78
What sounds are heard from the blood pressure stethoscope?
Korotkoff sounds
Where do you place the blood pressure cuff?
1 " above antecubital fossa
What is the lowest blood pressure called; when the heart relaxes between contractions.
Diastolic pressure
What is the highest blood pressure called; when the heart contracts.
Systolic pressure
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure; includes cuff, bulb, gauge.
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument used to hear the sounds of the heart, lungs, and other organs.
Stethoscope
What is the only state that has a preceptorship program?
Alabama
What do you observe when taking a patient's respiration?
Depth, rhythm, quality, sounds, position of patient.
When measuring blood pressure on a patient, the first sound that you hear is noted as which systolic or diastolic?
Systolic
When measuring blood pressure on a patient, when you no longer hear the sounds you note is as which systolic or diastolic?
Diastolic
List 5 sites for determining pulse rate.
Radial - wrist
Carotid - neck
Brachial - upper arm
Temporal - head
Facial - border of mandible
Which finger should you avoid to use when taking a patient's pulse?
Thumbs
What do you observe when taking a patient's pulse?
Rhythm, strength, volume
A process by which ALL forms of life are destroyed, including spores is called?
Sterilization
A process by which the number of organisms on an inanimate object is reduced to a safe level is called?
Sanitations
An agent that destroys microorganisms but may not kill spores; refers to fomite.
Disinfectant
A substance that inhibits or destroys microorganisms; applied to living tissue.
Antiseptic
Lesions that occur on and around the lips caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 virus.
Herpes Liabialis
What is the mode of transmission for Herpes Liabialis?
Saliva
Direct contact
Indirect contact
Sexual contact
Herpes Simplex type 1 and type 2 virus travels through which nerve?
Nerve Ganglia
Enterically transmitted hepatitis transmitted through fecal - oral route and through contaminated water.
Hepatitis E
Which Hepatitis occures as a coinfection with Hepatitis B, through blood transmission, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission?
Hepatitis D aka "Delta Hapatitis"
Hepatitis known as infection of the liver and is the most common blood-borne infection?
Hepatitis C
How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
Blood
Percutaneous
Needles
Also known as a liver infection; also known as serum hepatitis; a serious occupational hazard to healthcare personnel.
Hepatitis B
How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
Blood
Saliva
Sexual contact
Perinatal
All body fluids
HIV can cause fungal infections on the tongue called?
Kaposi Sarcoma
How is AIDS transmitted?
Blood
Sexual contact
Transplacental
Perinatal
Also known as infectious hepatitis where you get flu-like symptoms, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, adbominal pain, enlarged liver, and jaundice; transmitted through fecal-oral route; food; water; shellfish.
Hepatitis A
Lesions around the eyes caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 virus.
Ocular herpetic infections
Lesions around the fingers caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2.
Herpetic whitlow
Wide spread oral ulcers on the gingiva caused by Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 virus.
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.
Childhood disease caused by Varicella-zoster.
Chicken pox
Disease caused by Varicella-zoster usually occurs in adults.
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus and transmitted by Direct Contact and Saliva.
Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
Infection of the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
List 3 modes of transmission for tuberculosis.
Droplets
Sputum
Saliva
The difference between systolic and diastolic will give you ____________.
Pulse
Classification of surfaces:
penetrate soft tissue or bone; should sterilize or dispose; needles, curets, explorers, probes.
Critical
Classification of surfaces:
Touch intact mucous membrane and oral fluids, sterilize after each use or high level disinfectant; biteblock, handpiece, condenser, mirror.
Semicritical
Classification of surfaces:
Do not touch fluids, just unbroken skin; clean and tuberculocidal; intermediate disifinfectant; light handles, x-ray machien parts, safety glasses.
Noncritical
No contact with patient, clean and low to intermediate disinfectant; counters, equipment surface, housekeeping surfaces.
Environmental
Which agency protects the safety and health of the workforce?
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Which agency represents dental hygienists worldwide; increases public awareness; promotes access to quality preventative care.
IFDH - International Federation of Dental Hygiene
List 9 roles of a dental hygienist.
Clinician
Educator
Researcher
Public Health
Industries
Gov't Agencies
Hospital/Institutional care
Admin/manager
Advocate
ASA Classification:

Normal, healthy patient with no apparant systemic disease.
ASA I
Green Flag
ASA Classification:

Cancer, cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, infectious disease, renal disease, respiratory disease
ASA V
End Stage - elective dental care should be postponed.
ASA Classification:

Unstable angina pectoris; CVA within the past 6 months; uncontrolled epilepsy; severe CHP or COPD; BP greater than 200.
ASA IV
Red Flag for dental treatment
ASA Classification:

Healthy patient over 60; BP 140-160 over 90-94; patient with mild systemic disease; anxious or fearful of dentist; well controlled diabetes, epilepsy, asthma.
ASA II
Yellow Flag; employ stress reduction strategies.
ASA Classification:

Stable angina pectoris, hyperthyroid disorders; post myocardial infarction more than 6 months; emphsema or chronic bronchitis, BP 160-200 over 94-114.
ASA III
Yellow Flag; employ stress reduction strategies and check for anti-biotic premedication
Infectious parotitis is caused by what virus?
Mumps virus
What are 3 types of dental hygiene services?
Preventative
Educational
Therapeutic
Define Preceptorship.
On the job training for Dental Hygienists.
Define Self-regulation.
Dental hygienists would be responsible for education, licensing, and practice of dental hygienists
What are the core values of dental hygiene practice? List 10.
Justice/Fairness
Moral
Nonmalificience
Veracity
Virtue
Beneficience
Societal Trust
Confidentiality
Autonomy
Fidelity
Unusually fast heartbeat; at a rate of greater than 100 beats per minute.
Tachycardia
Unusually slow heartbeat; slowing of pulse rate.
Bradycardia
Process by which all forms of life including bacterial spores are destroyed by physical or cheminal means
Sterilization
Process by which the number of organisms on an inanimate object is reduced to a safe level.
Sanitation
An abnormal elevation of body temperature above 37 degrees celcius.
Pyrexia
What does IFDH stand for and when was it founded?
International Federation of Dental Hygienists - 1986
What is the time, temperature, and pressure of an autoclave?
15-30 minutes
250 degrees F 121 C
15psi
What is the time and temperature of dry heat oven?
120 minutes
320 F
160 C
What is the time, temperature, and pressure of unsaturated chemical vapor?
20 minutes
270 F
132 C
20-40 psi
Name 4 chemical disinfecting agents.
Chlorines
Glutaraldehydes
Iodophors
Phenolics
Super-quats
What does CDCP stand for and who does it protect?
Center for Disease Control and Prevention - protects the public
What does OSHA stand for and who does it protect?
Occupational Safety & Health Administration and it protects the workforce
First state to allow independent practive of dental hygiene?
Colorado
What is the incubation period for Tuberculosis?
2 to 10 weeks
Blood borne hepatitis which is the most common for liver transplants.
Hepatitis C
List 6 characteristics of an ideal mask
1. No contact with nose or lips
2. High bacterial efficiency rate
3. Fits snugly
4. No fogging of eyewear
5. Convenient to put on and off
6. Does not irritate or collapse when wet.
What are the four methods of handwashing.
Routine wash
Antiseptic wash
Antiseptic hand rub
surgical scrub
List 5 steps for a routine wash.
1. Wet hands, apply soap
2. Rub hands for at least 15 sec.
3. Interlace fingers
Rinse under running water
Dry thoroughly with paper towel
List 7 steps for an antiseptic wash.
Remove all jewerly and fasten hair back.
Don protective eyewear and mask
Use cool water and antimicrobial soap
Lather hands, wrists, and forearms, keep water running
Rub vigorously
Rinse from fingertips down the hands
Repeat 2x
What is an antisetic rub?
Rubbing hands with alcohol based hand rub.
What is the chain of infection?
Microorganisms
Reservoir
Exit
Vector
Mode of entry
susceptible host
What type of disinfectant inactivates spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
High level disinfectants such as Glutaraldehydes.
What type of disinfectant inactivates all forms of microorganisms but does not destroy spores.
Intermediate level disinfectants such as Phenolics, Iodophors, and Super-Quats
What type of disinfectant inactivates vegetative bacteria and certain lipid-type viruses but do not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or nonlipid viruses.
Low level disinfectants such as Chlorines.
Floride Overdose can result in a coma or death, what action can you take after flouride overdose to prevent fatality?
Give a glass of salt water
What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis A?
Fecal/oral is the most common
What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis B?
Blood and other body fluids
What is the mode of transmission for AIDS/HIV?
Sexual contact
Blood
Perinatal
Postnatal (breastfeeding)
Recurrent infection of Chicken Pox
Shingles/ Herpes Zoster
Heres Simplex Virus Type I travels along which nerve?
Nerve ganglia in Trigeminal nerve
Herpes Simplex Virus Type II travels along which nerve?
Nerve ganglia in Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral, dorsal root ganglia
What drugs are used to treat Herpes Simlex Virus?
Acyclovir; Valaclovir; Famcyclovir
What is the mode of transmission for Tuberculosis?
Inhalation of droplets
Drugs used for Tuberculosis?
Isoniazid (INH) for 9 months
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
What test is used to check if tuberculosis is active or inactive?
Mantoux
An approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for AIDS, HIV, HBV, and other blood-borne pathogens.
Universal Precautions
An approach to infection control to protect DHC and patinets from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other fluid, secretion, or excretion (except sweat) regardless of whether they contain blood.
Standard precautions
Gaseous Sterilization not generally found in dental practices but are in hospitals.
Ethylene Oxide
Type of waste that contains items that have contacted blood or other body secretions.
Contaminated waste
Type of bacteria that is less susceptible to destruction by disinfectants due to the fact that they are stable inhabitants.
Resident bacteria
This type of bacteria may have pathogenic bacteria, they continuously contaminate and may be easily washed with soap and water.
Transient bacteria
Measures carried out so that disease is truly prevented: Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Prevantative?
Primary
Measures carried out for treatment of early disease to prevent further progress: Primary, Seondary, or Tertiary Preventative?
Secondary
Measures carried out to replace lost tissues and to rehabilitate the oral cavity: Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Preventative?
Tertiary
ASA Classification:

Normal healthy patient with no apparent systemic disease.
ASA I
ASA Classification:

Patient with mild systemic disease.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Patient with severe but not incapacitating systemic disease.
ASA III
ASA Classification:

Patient with a life-threatening, incapacitating systemic disease.
ASA IV
ASA Classification:

Patient not expected to survive 24 hrs.
ASA V
ASA Classification:

Healthy patient over 60 years old.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Patient with Blood pressure that is 140-160 over 90-94.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Healthy patient who is anxious or fearful of dental treatment.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Patient with well-controlled diabetes.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Patient with well controlled epilepsy.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Patient with well controlled Asthma.
ASA II
ASA Classification:

Patient with stable angina pectoris.
ASA III
ASA Classification:

Patient with symptomatic hyper or hypothyroid disorders.
ASA III
ASA Classification:

Status post CVA & myocardial infarction more than 6 months before treatment with no residual signs or symptoms.
ASA III
ASA Classification:

Patient with emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
ASA III
ASA Classification:

Patient with blood pressure of 160 - 200 over 94-114
ASA III
What action do you take with an ASA II patient?
Employ stress-reduction stratergies and begin dental treatment.
What action do you take with an ASA III patient?
Emply stress-reduction strategies and see if antibiotics are needed, begin dental treatment.
ASA Classification:

Patient with unstable angina pectoris.
ASA IV
ASA Classification:

Patient with CVA within the past 6 months.
ASA IV
ASA Classification:

Patient with uncontrolled IDDM and epilepsy.
ASA IV
ASA Classification:

Patient with blood pressure greater than 220
ASA IV
What action do you take with an ASA IV patient?
Red flag - do not proceed with dental treatment, elective dental treatment should be postponed, and emergency dental treatment should be done in a hospital type setting.
ASA Classification:

Patient with Cancer.
ASA V
ASA Classification:

Patient with Cardiovascular disease.
ASA V
ASA Classification:

Patient with Hepatic disease.
ASA V
How many beats per minute is considered Tachycardia?
over 100 bpm
How many beats per minute is considered Bradycardia?
under 50 bpm
Repeatedly bending the hand up, down, or side to side and pinch-gripping an instrument without resting the muscles causes?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Holding the little finger away from hand causes?
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
Holding the lower arm away from the torso of the body causes?
Pronator Syndrome
Repeatedly bending the hand up, down, and from side to side at the wrist causes?
Tendinitis
Extending the fingers independently of each other causes?
Extensor Wad Strain
Tilting the head forward; hunching the shoulders forward; and continuously reaching overhead causes?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Holding the elbow above waist level and holding the upper arm away from body causes?
Rotator cuff tendinitis