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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties of Light |
- Human eye perceives light that is reflected or emitted from an object which is then translated from through the brain to form an image. - The human eye can detect wavelengths from 400 nanometers (violet) to 750 nanometers (red). This wavelength is called the Visual Spectrum. |
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Measurement of Light |
- Amplitude: Height of wave; brightness. - Wavelength: Distance between waves: hue. - Purity: Extent to which light is dominated by a single wavelength. |
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Sclera |
- The white of the eye. - Gives the eye shape and protection. - Consists of dense fibrous material. |
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Cornea |
- Front-most layer that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. - Clear section of the sclera that allows light into the eye. |
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Aqueous Humour |
- Transparent and gelatinous metabolic fluid. - Removes waste. |
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Iris |
- Thin circular structure responsible for controlling the diameter of the pupil. - A membrane that controls amount of light received and is the color of an individual's eyes. |
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Pupil |
- The opening between the membranes of the eye. |
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Lens |
- The structure responsible for bending the received light and projecting it onto the retina. - Images are inverted and must be curved to see close images. |
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Ciliary Muscles & Zonule Fibers |
- Responsible for changing the shape of the lenses. |
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Vitreous Humour |
- Clear yellow gelatinous fluid that fills the eye. - Responsible for the keeping shape of the eye and protecting the retina from burning. |
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Retina |
- Light sensitive layer of tissue located at the back of the eye. - Relays the inverted image projected from the lenses to the brain to be translated into an image. - Consists of receptor cells (rods and cones). |
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Retina Receptor Cells (Rods & Cones) |
- Rods: located dispersedly in the periphery of the retina and are responsible for night vision and low light. Humans have around 6 million. - Cones: located in concentration in the fovea or center responsible for color and daytime vision. Humans have around 120 million. |
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Fovea |
- Small central section of the retina where most of the cones are located.
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Optic Nerve |
- Responsible for sending acting potential of images to the Occipital Lobe. - Connects the eye to the brain. |
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Blind Spot |
- The area of no vision located where optic nerves exits the eye. |
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The Optic Chiasm |
- Cross over point that preserves brain lateralization. |
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Duplex Theory Of Vision |
- Theory that rods and cones differ in function. - States that rods operate at lower light conditions and are insensitive to differences in hue. - States that cones operate at higher light intensities and are responsible for sensations of color. |
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Trichromatic Theory |
- Theory that there are 3 types of cones responding to each of three primary colors: red, blue, and green. - This theory does not explain why there is no cone identified to detect yellow, the fourth primary color. |
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Opponent-Process Theory |
- Theory that states that three kinds of opposing pairs of inversely related color complementing cones exist. - The kinds are blue/yellow, red/green, and black/white. - When one fires, the other complement is suppressed and because both cannot be relayed at once which explains negative exposure. |
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Color Blindness |
- Most frequent color of color blindness is green and red. - 8% of men are affected. - 0.03% of women are affected. - It is caused by a missing pigment or a defect in the opponent-process. |
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Dark Adaptation |
- Rods, which are responsible for dark-setting adaptation contain the photopigment Rhodopsin. - Rhodopsin bleaches in light and takes approximately 30 minutes to readjust back to darkness in which it becomes 100,000% more sensitive to light. - Pure red light does not bleach Rhodopsin. |
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Depth Perception |
- Motion Paralax Cues: closer objects move faster. - Air Texture Cues: objects afar are blurrier or blued. - Linear Perspective: parallel lines converge with distance. - Texture Gradient Cues: closer objects have more detail. - Relative Size Cues: closer objects appear bigger - Interposition Cues: closer objects appear unbroken. - Binocular Disparity: objects from different distances project different size images. requires two functioning eyes. |
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Gestalt's Research On Perception |
- Sensation: At level of receptors, rods and cones respond to environment. - Figure-Ground: We perceive whole figures by recognizing foreground to a background. - Perception: Pertains to the level of the brain's conscious experience. - Closure: We perceive differently from our eyes. |
