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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pharmacology
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study of drugs
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drug
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any chemical substance that affects biological system
chem substance used to prevent, diagnosis, alleviate, or cure disease |
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are dietary supplements like herbs, vitamins, aa, minerals drugs?
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by law no yet they do hve pharmacologic effects on the body
they are not subject to FDA approval for efficacy and safety required for drugs |
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principle of pharmacology are basic for what?
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obtain health history
administer drugs managing emergencies planning appointments discussing drugs w/pts |
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3 ways to say a drugs name
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chemical name
generic name trade or proprietary name |
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what must generic drugs be by law?
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although generic drugs are cheaper
they must be biologically equivalent to the trade name drugs and therefore be therapeutically equivalent |
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biologically equivalent
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when drugs produce similiar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues
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adverse drug rxns
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toxic effects
side effects allergic rxn drug interactions |
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toxic rxns
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results from the direct action of a drug
are extensions of the therapeutic effect due to too much of drug |
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Allergic rxn
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not dose related
range from Type I -immidiate hypersensitivty to Type IV- delayed rxns |
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what are drugs in dentistry likely to provoke an allergic rxn?
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penicllins aspinin and NSAIDS
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side effects
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any action which occurs in addition to the therapuetic effect
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drug interactions
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action of an administered drug on the effectiveness or toxicity of another drug administered earlier, at the same time, or later
usually dose related ex:ASA given to pt on warfarin causes increase in effect of it so severe bleeding |
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federal regulatory agents
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OBRA
FDA FTC DEA |
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OBRA
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omnibus budget reconcilliation act of 1990
pharmacists must provide pt counseling and history of drug for medicaid pt |
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FDA
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food and drug administration
requires quality control of drug manufactoring determines which drugs need prescription regulates labeling and advertisement |
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FTC
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Federal trade commission
regulates drug company trade practices prohibits false advertising of foods, Otc drugs, and cosmetics |
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DEA
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drug enforcement administration
division of department of justice administers controlled substances act of 1970 regulates manufacture and distrubition of substances w/abuse potential |
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top five most prescribed drugs
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lipitor
hydrocodone norvasc toprol synthroid zoloft |
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2005 highest sales and most prescribed drug
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lipitor
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top selling class of drugs
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lipid lowering, cholesterol reduceers "statin" drugs
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leading therapy classes in sales of drugs
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1.cholesterol lowering
2.antiulcerants 3.anti cancer 4.anti depressants 5.anti psychotics |
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blockbuster drugs
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drugs w/sales over 1 billion annually
82 drugs exist and 7 are anti cancer drugs |
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why did merck pharmaceuticals remove vioxx from market?
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withdraw of Cox-2 inhibitor was voluntary and based on companys own data
increased rist of heart attack and stroke vioxx 25 mg/day increase risk of CV events |
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problem w/COX2 inhibitors
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used to treat pain and inflammation
greatest concern has been stomach bleeding, liver, and kidney toxicity |
