Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is atropine used for?
|
corneal ulceration
uveitis |
|
|
What ophthalmic drug causes cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle) and mydriasis (excessive dilation of pupil)?
|
Atropine
|
|
|
What drug is useful for treating uveal pain secondary to ciliary and iris spasms?
|
Atropine
|
|
|
What drug helps to decrease synechia formation?
|
Atropine
|
|
|
What is the MOA of atropine?
|
Anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) --> blocks parasympathetic impulses --> prevents spasms --> paralyzes ciliary muscles and dilates pupil (cycloplegia and mydriasis)
|
|
|
What are the trade names for Prednisolone acetate
|
AK-Tate
Econopred Pred Forte |
|
|
Name a steriodal anti-inflammatory drug that is used for uveitis?
|
Prednisolone acetate
|
|
|
What anticholinergic / parasympatholytic drug is used for corneal ulceration or uveitis?
|
Atropine
|
|
|
Name an ophthalmic drugs comes in ophthalamic suspension and is used to treat uveitis
|
Dexamethasone suspension
|
|
|
Name 2 steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs that has good uveal tract penetration and are used to treat uvetis.
|
Prednisolone acetate
Dexamethasone suspension |
|
|
What is the trade name for dexamethasone suspension?
|
Maxidex
Maxitrol w/ Polymixin B and Neomycin |
|
|
Name 3 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have good uveal tract penetration and are used to treat uveitis.
|
Flurbiprofen
Suprofen Diclofenac |
|
|
Name a non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug that is used for uveitis, can increase intraocular pressure and can be used with steroids.
|
Flurbiprofen
Suprofen Diclofenac |
|
|
What is the trade name for Flubiprofen?
|
Ocufen
|
|
|
What is the trade name for Suprofen?
|
Profenal
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Diclofenac?
|
Voltaren
|
|
|
What 3 drugs can control uveal inflammation and increase IOP?
|
Flurbiprofen
Suprofen Diclofenac |
|
|
What drug would you use to treat severe uveitis?
|
Prednisolone
|
|
|
What drug comes in tablet form to treat for severe uveitis?
|
Prednisolone
|
|
|
If you need to stop treatment for uveitis, what drug has a short half life?
|
Prednisolone
|
|
|
What drug has good penetration of ocular structures with blood vessels and is used to treat uveitis?
|
Prednisolone
|
|
|
What steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is used to treat severe uveitis?
|
Prednisolone
|
|
|
What NSAID is used to treat severe uveitis?
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
What drug is used to treat chronic uveitis and controls inflammation?
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
What is aspirin used for in ocular therapeutics?
|
severe or chronic uveitis
|
|
|
What drug has good penetration to ocular structures with blood vessels and is a non-steroidal?
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
What is prednisolone acetate used to treat?
|
Uveitis and symptomatic control of inflammation
|
|
|
What is Dexamethasone suspension similar to? What is it used for?
|
Prednisolone acetate
Uveitis and symptomatic control of inflammation |
|
|
What is Flurbiprofen used for?
|
Uveitis
Inflammation Increase IOP Can be used with steroid. |
|
|
What is Surpofen used for?
|
Uveitis
Inflammation Increase IOP Can be used with steroid. |
|
|
What is Diclofenac used for? Is it a steriodal or non-steroidal?
|
Uveitis
Inflammation Increase IOP Can be used with steroid. ---It is a non-steroidal |
|
|
What is prednisolone used for? Is there an advantage to prednisolone?
|
severe uveitis
has a short half life if you need to stop. |
|
|
What is flunixin meglumine used for?
|
Severe or acute uveitis but not used chronically.
|
|
|
What is the tradename for flunixin meglumine?
|
Banamine
|
|
|
How does flunixine meglumine (banamine) work?
|
It is an NSAID --> has systemic circulation to vascularized structures
|
|
|
What drug would you use to treat a horse with acute uveitis?
|
Flunixin meglumine
Phenylbutazone |
|
|
What drug would you use to treat chronic uveitis in a horse?
|
Phenylbutazone
|
|
|
What is the MOA for Phenylbutazone?
|
NSAID --> has systemic circulation to vascularized structures
|
|
|
What drug can be given IV to a horse to treat for severe or acute uveitis?
|
Flunixin meglumine
|
|
|
What uveal drug can be given IV, paste or granule form?
|
Flunixine meglumine
|
|
|
What equine uveal drug can be given in tablet or paste form?
|
Phenylbutazone
|
|
|
What is the trade name for Carprofen?
|
Rimadyl
|
|
|
Name an NSAID used to treat acute or chronic uveitis in a dog.
|
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
|
|
|
How does Carprofen (Rimadyl) work?
|
NSAID used with acute or chronic uveitis -> systemic circulation to vascularized structures
Also provides analgesia. |
|
|
What drug provides analgesia that is used to treat uveitis in dogs.
|
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
|
|
|
What is the trade name for Cyclosporin A or Cyclosporine?
|
Optimmune
|
|
|
What is cylcosporine used to treat?
|
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) = dry eye
|
|
|
What is optimmune used to treat?
|
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) = dry eye
|
|
|
What drug would you use to treat keratoconjuctivitis sicca? (dry eye)
|
Cyclosporine (Optimmune)
|
|
|
What is the MOA for cyclosporine?
|
increases tear production, suppresses lacrimal and corneal inflammation.
|
|
|
What drug is used to increase tear production and suppress lacrimal and corneal inflammation?
|
Cyclosporine (Optimmune)
|
|
|
What opthalmic ointment can be used for treatment of dry eye?
|
Cyclosporine (Optimmune)
|
|
|
What drug has poor corneal penetration but is a broad spectrum bacteriocidal and comes in a ophthalmic solution?
|
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Gramacidin
NPG |
|
|
What drug has poor corneal penetration but is a broad spectrum bacteriocidal and comes in an ophthalmic ointment?
|
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Bacitracin
NPB |
|
|
How does Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Gramacidin work? (MOA)
|
a broad spectrum bacteriocidal, AB combination that has poor corneal penetration
|
|
|
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Bacitracin work? (MOA)
|
a broad spectrum bacteriocidal, AB combination that has poor corneal penetration
|
|
|
What is Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Bacitracin used for?
|
Prophylactic/Contaminated/
MILD infections of Cornea, Conjunctiva, Eyelid |
|
|
How does Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Gramacidin used for?
|
Prophylactic/Contaminated/
MILD infections of Cornea, Conjunctiva, Eyelid |
|
|
What drug ointment would you used for a mild infection of the cornea or conjuctiva/eyelid?
|
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Bacitracin
|
|
|
What drug ophthalmic solution would you used for a mild infection of the cornea or conjuctiva/eyelid?
|
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Gramacidin
|
|
|
What is Gentamicin used for?
|
Prophylactic/contaminated
INFECTED cornea, conjuctiva and eyelid |
|
|
If you have a corneal infection with Gram negative bacteria, what drug do you use?
|
Gentamicin
|
|
|
How does Gentamicin work?
|
Bacteriocidal, broad spectrum AB
Good for Gram negative Poor corneal penetration |
|
|
What drug would you use for an infected cornea and eyelid that would be epithelial sparing?
|
Tobramycin
|
|
|
What is Tobramycin used for?
|
Prophylactic/contaminated
INFECTED cornea, conjuctiva and eyelid |
|
|
How does Tobramycin work?
|
Bacteriocidal
Good for Gram negative Poor corneal penetration EPITHELIAL sparing |
|
|
Name a drug that is a broad spectrum AB, epithelial sparing that is used to treat the cornea/eyelid
|
Tobramycin
|
|
|
Name a drug that is a broad spectrum AB that is used to treat the MILD cornea/eyelid infections
|
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Bacitracin OR Gramacidin
(ointment) OR (solution) |
|
|
What drug would you use to treat a moderate or severe corneal infection?
|
Ofloxacin or Ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
What is the trade name for Ofloxacin
|
Ocuflox
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Ciprofloxacin?
|
Ciloxan
|
|
|
What are Ciprofloxacin used for?
|
moderate to severe corneal or intraocular infections
|
|
|
What is Ofloxacin used for?
|
moderate to severe corneal or intraocular infections
|
|
|
How does Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin work?
|
Bacteriocidal
Broad spectrum fluoroquinolone AB that penetrates the cornea |
|
|
What broad spectrum fluoroquinolone can be used to treat a moderate corneal or intraocular infection?
|
Ofloxacine or Ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
What 2 drugs penetrate the cornea to are used to treat corneal and intraocular infections?
|
Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Fluconazole?
|
Diflucan
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Itraconazole?
|
Sporanox
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Ketoconazole?
|
Nizoral
|
|
|
Of the 3 systemic antifungal agents used in vet med, which can be given in an IV solution?
|
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
|
|
|
What would you used to treat Blasto, Crypto and Histo with?
|
Fluconazole
Itraconazole Ketoconazole |
|
|
Your patient has been diagnosed with a systemic fungal infection and you want to treat via catheter. Which antifungal will you use?
|
Fluconazole
|
|
|
What are Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconazole used for?
|
disseminated mycoses (Blasto, Crypto, Histo)
Fungal keratitis (equine) |
|
|
How will you treat a horse with a fungal keratitis infection?
|
Fluconazole
Itraconazole Ketoconazole |
|
|
Name a drug used to treat Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1) conjuctivitis
|
Trifluidine
Vidarabine Idoxuridine |
|
|
Name a drug used to treat Feline Herpes Virus ulcerative keratitis.
|
Trifluridine
Vidarabine Idoxuridine |
|
|
How does Trifluridine work?
|
Topical antiviral
|
|
|
How does Vidarabine work?
|
Topical antiviral
|
|
|
How does Idoxuridine work?
|
Topical antiviral
|
|
|
What is Trifluridine used for?
|
Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1) conjuctivitis or ulcerative keratitis
|
|
|
What is Vidarabine used for?
|
Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1) conjuctivitis or ulcerative keratitis
|
|
|
What is Idoxuridine used for?
|
Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1) conjuctivitis or ulcerative keratitis
|
|
|
What is L-lysine used for?
|
Treat Feline Herpes conjuctivitis/keratitis
|
|
|
How does L-lysine work?
|
An oral amino acid that reduces Herpes virus replication
|
|
|
What is the tradename for L-lysine?
|
Viralys Gel or Powder
|
|
|
To reduce feline herpes virus replication, what drug would you use and what form is it available in?
|
L-lysine
Oral gel, granule or tablet form |
|
|
What drug comes in a oral gel, granules or tablets, L-lysine or Trifluridine?
|
L-lysine
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Silver Sulfadiazine?
|
Silvadene
Flint SSD |
|
|
What is Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene/Flint SSD) used for?
|
Equine bacterial and fungal keratitis
|
|
|
How does Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene / Flint SSD) work?
|
Topical antifungal and antibacterial that penetrates the cornea
|
|
|
How do you treat a horse with a bacterial and fungal keratitis?
|
Silver Sulfadiazine
(Silvadene or Flint SSD) |
|
|
How do you treat a horse with only fungal keratitis?
|
Fluconazole
Itraconazole Ketoconazole |
|
|
What is the difference between treating a horse with Itraconazole and Silver Sulfadiazine?
|
Itraconazole (Sporanox) comes in tablets and Sliver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is a skin creme that is used topically on the eye
Silver Sulfadiazine is also used to treat both bacterial and fungal keratitis |
|
|
What two drugs treat only acute glaucoma?
|
Mannitol
Pilocarpaine HCl |
|
|
How does Mannitol work?
|
Systemic hyperosmotic that dehydrates the vitreous to treat glaucoma
|
|
|
What drug is a systemic hyperosmotic that shrinks or dehydrates the vitreous - used to treat glaucoma?
|
Mannitol
|
|
|
What drug is give IV to treat acute glaucoma?
|
Mannitol
|
|
|
Name 4 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that decrease aqueous humor production in treating acute and chronic glaucoma.
|
Acetazolamide
Dichorphenamide Methazolamide Dorzoloamide HCl |
|
|
How does Acetazolamide work?
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases aqueous humor production
|
|
|
How does Dichlorphenamide work?
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases aqueous humor production
|
|
|
How does Methazolamide work?
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases aqueous humor production
|
|
|
What 3 drugs are given orally to treat acute or chronic glaucoma?
|
Acetazolamide
Dichlorphenamide Methazolamide |
|
|
What is the tradename for Acetazolamide?
|
Diamox
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Dichlorphenamide?
|
Daranide
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Methazolamide?
|
Neptazane
|
|
|
Name 3 topical ophthalmic solutions that are used to treat acute and chronic glaucoma. (6 total)
|
Dorzolamide HCl
Latanoprost Timolol Metripranolol Betaxolol Levobunolol |
|
|
How does Timolol, Metripranolol, Betaxolol
and Levobunolol work? |
Topical B blockers that decrease aqueous humor production.
|
|
|
What drug(s) is/are topical B blockers that decrease aqueous humor production and are used to treat acute and chronic glaucoma?
|
Timolol
Metripranolol Betaxolol Levobunolol |
|
|
What is the tradename for Dorzolamide HCl?
|
Trusopt
|
|
|
What is Dorzolamide HCl used for?
|
Acute and chronic glaucoma
|
|
|
How does Durzolamide HCl work?
|
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
|
|
|
What is the tradename for Latanoprost?
|
Xalatan
|
|
|
What is Latanoprost (Xalatan)used for?
|
Acute and chronic glaucoma
|
|
|
Name a prostaglandin analog used to treat acute and chronic glaucoma.
|
Latanoprost (Xalatan)
|
|
|
How does Latanoprost (Xalatan) work?
|
Prostaglandin analog
|
|
|
What is Pilocarpine HCl used for?
|
Acute glaucoma ONLY
NOT CHRONIC |
|
|
T/F Pilocarpine HCl can be used to treat chronic glaucoma.
|
False - Pilocarpine is used to treat only acute glaucoma
|
|
|
How does Pilocarpine HCl work?
|
Increases aqueous humor outflow, miotic, parasympathomimetic
|
|
|
Name a parasympathomimetic that increases aqueous humor outflow that is used to treat acute glaucoma
|
Pilocarpine HCl
|
|
|
What drug can be placed in food for treatment of KCS (Keratoconjuctivitis sicca) or dry eye?
|
Pilocarpine HCl
|
|
|
What is Demercarium Bromide used for?
|
Chronic glaucoma
|
|
|
T/F Demercarium Bromide is compounded by pharmacy.
|
True
|
|
|
Name an anticholinesterage, miotic, that increases aqueous humor outflow and used to treat chronic glaucoma
|
Demercarium Bromide
|
|
|
How does Demercarium Bromide work?
|
Anticholinesterase
Miotic Increases aqueous humor outflow used to treat chronic glaucoma |
|
|
What is Tropicamide used for?
|
topical diagnostic dilating drop
|
|
|
What drug would be useful in dilating a pupil that is not prescribed?
|
Tropicamide
|
|
|
What is Proparacaine hydrochloride used for?
|
Topical diagnositic and surgical anesthetic that is not prescribed.
|
|
|
What drug can be used as an ophthalmic surgical anesthetic?
|
Proparacaine hydrochloride
|
