Ocular Physiology Exam 1

Front 1

function of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi

Back 1

forceful lid closure

Front 2

function of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi

Back 2

close lids gently (blink)

Front 3

function of the muscle of riolan

Back 3

hold lids to globe

Front 4

function of the muscle of horner and the rest of the orbicularis oculi

Back 4

dilate lacrimal sac, assist entrance of tears into and out of sac

Front 5

normal upward and outward rotation of the eyes on lid closure

Back 5

bell's phenomenon

Front 6

two muscles in synergy during bell's phenomenon

Back 6

LPS and SR

Front 7

abnormal lid closure due to CN VII dysfunction

Back 7

bell's palsy

Front 8

condition where pt cannot close eyes completely

Back 8

lagophthalmos

Front 9

forcible closure of the lids that might last for seconds or days

Back 9

blepharospasm

Front 10

blinking at either a greater rate than normal or with a longer closure phase than usual

Back 10

blepharoclonus

Front 11

condition in which the pt complains that the eye "jumps" or "quivers"

Back 11

myokymia

Front 12

muscle recruited for voluntary blinking

Back 12

orbital portion of orbicularis oculi

Front 13

type of blink with the greatest EMG amplitude

Back 13

voluntary blink

Front 14

blink that requires a higher potential amplitude for initiation

Back 14

voluntary blink

Front 15

winking is this type of blink

Back 15

voluntary blink

Front 16

type of blink that is induced by certain stimuli to protect the eye from the threatening stimulus

Back 16

reflex blink

Front 17

reflex blink caused by corneal touch

Back 17

tactile

Front 18

reflex blink caused by bright light

Back 18

dazzle

Front 19

reflex blink caused by sudden presence of near object

Back 19

menace

Front 20

reflex blink caused by loud noise

Back 20

auditory

Front 21

reflex blink caused by stretching of the panorbital structure

Back 21

orbicularis

Front 22

afferent nerve for tactile reflex blink

Back 22

CN V

Front 23

afferent nerve for dazzle reflex blink

Back 23

CN II

Front 24

afferent nerve for menace reflex blink

Back 24

CN II

Front 25

afferent nerve for auditory reflex blink

Back 25

CN VIII

Front 26

afferent nerve for orbicularis reflex blink

Back 26

CN V

Front 27

efferent nerve for all the reflex blink

Back 27

CN VII

Front 28

reflex blinking types that are cortical in central connection

Back 28

tactile, menace, orbicularis

Front 29

reflex blinking types that are subcortical in central connection

Back 29

dazzle, auditory

Front 30

average rate of spontaneous blink

Back 30

15 times per min

Front 31

phase of spontaneous blink with shorter duration

Back 31

closing phase

Front 32

phase of spontaneous blink with longer duration

Back 32

opening phase

Front 33

total blink time of spontaneous blink

Back 33

257.9 ms

Front 34

phase of spontaneous blink with faster maximum velocity

Back 34

closing phase

Front 35

phase of spontaneous blink with slower maximum velocity

Back 35

opening phase

Front 36

dry eyes (increase or decrease) blink rate

Back 36

increase

Front 37

blink rate (increases or decreases) during reading

Back 37

decreases

Front 38

blink rate (increases or decreases) with conversation

Back 38

increases

Front 39

contact lenses (increase or decrease) blink rate

Back 39

increase

Front 40

shape of the stress-strain curve

Back 40

J-shaped

Front 41

term to describe rigidity of the sclera

Back 41

distensibility

Front 42

rigidity where increase in intraocular volume is accompanied by a direct increase in IOP

Back 42

immediate ocular rigidity

Front 43

rigidity where if the pressure is maintained at a constant elevated level, the sclera begins to stretch slowly and the pressure falls

Back 43

time-dependent ocular rigidity

Front 44

immediate ocular rigidity is usually a function of this

Back 44

scleral elasticity

Front 45

time-dependent ocular rigidity is usually a function of this

Back 45

sclera's viscosity

Front 46

false low readings in IOP during indentation occur with this kind of sclera

Back 46

thin sclera

Front 47

false high readings in IOP during indentation occur with this kind of sclera

Back 47

rigid sclera

Front 48

type of IOP measurement that is more accurate and eliminates artifacts caused by the sclera

Back 48

applanation tonometry

Front 49

type of kinetics observed in a compartmentalized model of hydrophilic drug diffusion across the sclera

Back 49

first-order

Front 50

zero order kinetics has this characteristic plot

Back 50

[A] vs. t

Front 51

first order kinetics have this characteristic kinetic plot

Back 51

ln[A] vs t

Front 52

second order kinetics have this characteristic kinetic plot

Back 52

1/[A] vs t

Front 53

these structures help to stabilize the tear film

Back 53

microvilli and microplicae

Front 54

tiny foldings found in the conjunctiva

Back 54

microplicae

Front 55

type of distribution pattern of bulbar conjunctival blood vessels

Back 55

random, nonspecific

Front 56

effect of epinephrine on conjunctival blood vessels

Back 56

constriction

Front 57

clinical significance of localized areas of venous dilation, tortuosity, etc

Back 57

little clinical significance

Front 58

mean oxygen tension of the upper palpebral conjunctiva

Back 58

61 mmHg

Front 59

layer of lymph containing mast cells

Back 59

adenoid layer

Front 60

cells that are numerous in the conjunctival stroma (6000 cells/cubic mm)

Back 60

mast cells

Front 61

conjunctival reaction that occurs when the substantia propria abnormally bulges into the overlying epithelial layer, elevating it

Back 61

papillae

Front 62

conjunctival reaction that results from leakage of fluid and acute inflammatory cells from the vascular core

Back 62

papillae

Front 63

size of papillae

Back 63

usually 1 mm

Front 64

areas of conjunctival hypertrophy which contain eosinophils and neutrophils

Back 64

papillae

Front 65

conjunctival reaction with blood vessels in their centers

Back 65

papillae

Front 66

conjunctival reaction most commonly found in the upper lid

Back 66

papillae

Front 67

conjunctival reaction that consists of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages in the adenoid layer

Back 67

follicles

Front 68

conjunctival reaction that are clear, fluid-filled pockers with blood vessels passing above or below, but never within

Back 68

follicles

Front 69

conjunctival reaction more severe in the inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac

Back 69

follicles

Front 70

parasympathetic neurotransmitters used for goblet cell secretion

Back 70

Ach and VIP

Front 71

goblet cells have receptors for these neurotransmitters

Back 71

sympathetic AND parasympathetic

Front 72

driving force for conjunctival fluid secretion, located basolaterally

Back 72

Na-K-ATPase

Front 73

requirements for proper distribution and wetting

Back 73

1. quantity and composition of mucin
2. adequate fluid volume
3. sufficient blink frequency
4. good lid-to-cornea apposition
5. quality and composition of lipid

Front 74

time required for tear replacement

Back 74

5-6 minutes

Front 75

order of tear flow during complete blinks

Back 75

superior/inferior fornices, lateral fornix, medial lacrimal lake

Front 76

stage of blink where puncta are first occluded

Back 76

1/3 closed

Front 77

stage of blink where canaliculi and sac are squeezed due to pressure from orbicularis

Back 77

2/3 closed

Front 78

stage of blink with the highest pressure in the canalicui

Back 78

complete closure

Front 79

stage of blink with a partial vacuum in the canaliculi

Back 79

complete closure

Front 80

stage of blink where pressure in the canaliculi is released

Back 80

1/3 open

Front 81

stage of blink where puncta "pop" open

Back 81

2/3 open

Front 82

mucin produced by goblet cells in the conjunctival epithelium

Back 82

MUC5AC

Front 83

membrane-associated mucin expressed by stratified corneal and conjunctival epithelium

Back 83

MUC1, MUC4, MUC16