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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fuch's iridocyclitis symptoms? story?
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heterochromia, inflammatory glaucoma, cat's. 40 yo w/ cat in one eye and light iris, few symptoms
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glaucomatocyclitic crisis' other name? why does it occur? IOP elevated? Gonio will reveal? Recurrent?
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posner-schlossman. acute trabeculitis. 40-60 mm Hg. open angle. recurrent, unilateral but burns out over time
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how does uveitic glaucoma occur? what kind of glaucoma is it?
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PAS and PS, b/c iris becomes inflamed and sticky. SACG
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most common cause of NVG? 2nd? other causes? what type of glauc is it?
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CRVO. Diabetes. Carotid dz and CRAO. SACG
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What are glaucomflecken?
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ant subcaps opacities due to high IOP.
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what can be done to ddx b/t pupillary block and plateau iris?
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an iriditomy (in plateau iris, nothing will improve)
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what are the 2 types of inflammatory glauc?
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fuch's and posner-schlossman
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what causes PACG? when is the greatest risk for it?
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PAS 360 or part of TM. After full dilation as the pupil is @ mid-position.
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2 types of PACG? which is more common? myopes or hyperopes @ greater risk?
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pupillary block and plateau iris. pupil block. hyperopes.
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symptoms of acute angle closure? signs?
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vomiting, pain HA's, halos, progressive vision loss. hazy K, mid-dilated pupil, ciliary flush, g-flecken
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greatest threat to vision loss in an acute angle closure?
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CRAO
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NTG pressures? unique sign of NTG? males or females? race @ risk?
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less than 21 mm. drance heme's. females. Japanese.
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compare NTG fields to POAG VF's.
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NTG VF's are closer to fixation and denser b/c temporal and inferotemporal rims are affected 1st
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what tx's plateau iris?
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miotic
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what happens in Pigment dispersion glaucoma? 50% of pt's develop what? More common in whom?
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high IOP causes bowing of iris backward to zonules. OAG. 30 yo white male myope.
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Signs to look for in PDG?
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ITI's, krukenberg's spindle, trabecular pigmentation
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what is Pigment dispersion syndrome?
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PDG w/o ONH damage
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what is schaie's line?
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pigment on lens in PDG
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people who get Pseudoexfoliation syndrome? what is the substance? where do you find it?
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caucasians (scandinavians). white, flaky amyloid deposits. pupillary margin, len's capsule in bull's eye, and TM.
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what is sampaolesi's line and what is it assocaited w/?
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pigment anterior to Schwalbe's line. pseudoex and PDS
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what are 2 types of SOAG?
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pseudoexf and PDG
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port-wine stains associated w/?
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same side glaucoma and sturge-weber
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who gets POAG more? % family hx get glaucoma?
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AA's. 16%.
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dz's associated w/ angioid streaks? % that are idiopathic?
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PEPSI- PXE, ehlers-danlos, paget's, sickle-cell, idiopathic. 50%
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Retinoschisis % of population? who? where? what VF defect? What can occur within it and which is more common? which layer is being split?
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4-7%. hyperopes, inftemporal, bilateral. absolute VF defect. outer and inner retinal breaks. Outer.OPL
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list non-rhegmat. RD's.
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tractional RD's from PDR, serous RD's from ARMD
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Lattice degen % of pop? how many associated w/ rheg RD? how many w/ lattice develop RD? bi or uni-lateral? where?
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6-10%. 20-33%. 1%. Bilateral. superotemporally.
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Rheg RD's- story? symptoms? concave or convex? higher or lower IOP in affected eye? how can u tell it's chronic?
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45 yo male myope. floaters, flashing lights, curtain, decreased va's. Convex. lower IOP. pigment line
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RPE is derived from outer or inner layer?
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outer.
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gyrate atrophy AR or AD? symptoms? signs? associated w/? moa? the blood plasma will reveal what?
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AR. nyctalopia, decreased va's, constricted VF's. many peripheral lesions of CR atrophy. PSC's, high myopia, astigmatism. deficient ornithine aminotransferase. high levels of ornithine.
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Adult form of Best's is called what? Signs?
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adult vitelliform dystrophy. minimal metamorph, mild va loss, normal EOG, normal ERG, slight color defect.
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Best's Dz also called? AD or AR? Bi or uni? signs? symptoms? EOG is? ERG is?
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Vitelliform dystrophy. AD. Bilateral subfoveal egg-yolk lesions (10% are multiple). Moderate to severe va loss due to CNV, heme, atrophy or scarring. arden ratio below 1.8. Normal.
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Best Dz saying? MOA?
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Best dz to have until you're 50 yo. material build-up in RPE
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Cone Dystrophy onset? AR or AD? symptoms are worse when? what test is abnl?
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1st to 3rd decade. variable inheritance. daytime. photopic ERG. Late geographic dystrophy of RPE or Bull's eye, vessel attenuation, temporal pallor ON, color defect, nystagmus
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what dz's cause nightblindess?
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RP, choroideremia, gyrate, vit a deficiency
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Stargardt's ar or ad? onset. most common what? what is out of proportion? fundus findings? in late stages what classic sign comes? what dz is a variant of this? signs of this dz?
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ar. 6-20 yo. hereditary macular dystrophy. decreased VA's out of proportion w/ findings. bilateral pisciform in PP and midperiphery. "beaten-bronze" macula and "salt and pepper" periphery. fundus flavi. pt's w/o mac signs and who present older
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RP ad or ar? most common associated dz and symptom of said dz? RP is the most common what? Triad of? other signs?
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AD. Usher's- deafness. Retinal dystrophy. bone-spicules in mid-periphery, arterliolar attenuation, waxy disc pallor. PSC's, drusen, macular holes, ERM's, CME, k-conus, myopia, central island of vision
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Besides triad, other signs of RP?
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PSC's, optic disc drusen, macular changes, k-conus, myopia, progessive loss of VF.
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what test dx's RP?
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reduced scotopic ERG
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Photostress Tests what? how to run?
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macula. look at light 10 sec, normal recovery is 60 sec's
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What tests test the ONH?
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red-cap, brightness comparison
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Watzke-allen sign is done how and for what?
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thin beam of light on macula to look for macular hole.
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Who gets macular holes more often?
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females
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Stages of macular hole? what stage will watzke-allen show up?
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1. yellow spot or ring 2. pseudo-operculum 3. operculum 4. PVD Stage 3
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EPI retinal membrane-what happens? Males or females?
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vitreous traction, break in ILM, glial cells. Females
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Signs of ERM? Causes of ERM?
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cellophane, macular pucker. PVD, retinal breaks, cat surgery.
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4 conditions that cause break in bruchs? What does it lead to?
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lackercracks, angioid streaks, hysto, wet ARMD. CNVM
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percentage of who do lacker cracks occur?
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5% of high myopes
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high myopia conditions
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greater than 6 D and 26 mm
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signs of high myopia
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posterior staffaloma oblique insertion, fuch spots, lacker cracks, macular holes, PSCs
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CSR- associated with? recurrences? Uni or Bi?
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stress, pregnancy, steroid use. 40%. Uni
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What else can occur in CSR? What happens on fang? Possible cause?
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RPED. Smoke stack. SNS damage.
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Macular photo coagulation study group set four risk factors for dry to wet ARMD? 5 year risk in fellow eye?
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multiple soft drusen, hyperpigmenation, HTN smoking, 40 to 85%
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worst form of dry AMD? % of dry AMD who develop severe VA loss?
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geographic atrophy. 12 %
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list RPE abnormalities?associated with what disease?
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drusen, mottling, granularity, geographical atrophy, hyper pigment. Dry AMD
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list 4 potential wet ARMDs
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subret heme, sub rpe heme, sub ret detach, sub rpe detach
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sub RPE detaches are also called?
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PEDs
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where do retinal vessels develop last? and when?
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anterior temporal. 9 months
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in ROP the temporal ret is susceptible to?
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tractional RDs
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coats dz story? Uni or Bi? signs of?
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5 to 10 year old males. uni. hard exudates, retinal hemes, exudative rd, nvg.
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How do coat's pt's present? what other dz's present the same way?
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strabismus and leukocoria. Rblastoma and ROP
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Ocular Ischemic Syndrome- who? uni or bi? findings? why? dz's associated w/?
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65 yo male. uni. midperipheral hemes. carotid blockage. amaurosis fugax, GCA, HTN, DM, cardiac dz.
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Elschnig spot- what is it?
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choroidal infarct in severe HTN ret.
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