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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what seven bones make up the orbital cavity...which ones are shared
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Palatine (2)
Lacrimal (2) Zygomatic (2) Maxillary (2) Ethmoid (1) Sphenoid (1) Frontal (1) |
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what bones makes up the ROOF of the orbit
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anterior: Frontal Bone
posterior: Lesser wing of the Sphenoid Bone |
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what bones make up the LATERAL WALL of the orbit
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zygomatic (anterior)
greater wing of the sphenoid (posterior) |
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what nerves pass through the LATERAL WALL of the orbit
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CN: III, IV, V1, VI
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what blood vessels pass through the LATERAL WALL of the orbit
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superior ophthalmic vein
orbital branch of middle meningeal artery |
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what bones makes up the FLOOR of the orbit
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maxilla
zygomatic palatine |
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what fissure separates the posterior portion of the lateral wall and the floor
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inferior orbital fissure
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what goes through the inferior orbital fissure
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infra-orbital artery
branch of inferior opthalmic vein branch of the CN V2 branch from ptergopalatine ganglion |
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what is the infra orbital groove
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a shallow depression moving centrally across the floor form the IOF to the infra-orbital canal, which transmits the infra-orbital vessels and nerves
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what bones makes up the MEDIAL WALL of the orbit
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maxilla
ethmoid sphenoid THINNEST WALL |
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what leads to the Frontal Sinus
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middle meatus
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what leads to the Ethmoid Sinus
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middle meatus
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what leads to the Sphenoid Sinus
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superior meatus
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what leads to the Maxillary Sinus
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hiatus semilunaris
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the orbicularis oculi is innervated by CN...
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CN VII (facial)
entering laterally and running deep to muscle |
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function of the orbicularis oculi
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1.orbital portion: closes lids forcefully
2.palpebral portion: closes lides gently (blinking) 3.muscle of Riolan: holds lids to globe 4.muscle of Horner & rest of O.O: dilates lacrimal sac |
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function of levator palpebrae superioris? innervation?
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raises lid
CN III (oculomotor) |
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what are the two system of ARTERIAL SUPPLY for the eyelids
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facial
orbital |
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where does the FACIAL SYSTEM for the eyelids come from? what arteries does it contain?
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from ECA
contains: facial artery superfacial temporal artery infraorbital artery |
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where does the ORBITAL SYSTEM for the eyelids come from? what arteries does it contain?
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from ICA
contains: dorsal nasal artery frontal artery supraorbital artery lacrimal artery |
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what are the two system of VENOUS DRAINAGE for the eyelids
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superficial (pre-tarsal) system
deep (post-tarsal) system |
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where does the SUPERFICIAL SYSTEM for the eyelids come from? what VEINS does it contain?
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1.anterior facial drains into internal jugular vein
2.superficial temporal drains into external jugular vein |
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where does the DEEP SYSTEM for the eyelids come from? what VEINS does it contain?
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1.ophthalmic vein drains into cavernous sinus
2.deep facial vein drain into pterygoid plexus then to cavernous sinus |
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sensory innervation of...upper, medial, lateral and lower lids
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upper: supraorbital n.
medial: supra and infra-trochlear n. lateral: lacrimal branch of ophthalmic n. lower: infraorbital n. |
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what is the fornix in the eye
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circular cul-de-sac formed by bending of conjunctiva from lid to eyeball
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thicknesses of the...superior, inferior, lateral, medial...FORNIX
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superior: 14-15mm
inferior: 10-12mm lateral: 5-8mm medial: barely present |
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what are the two types of the bulbar conjunctiva
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limbal
sclera |
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what are the two layers of the lymphatic system in the conjunctiva
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1.superficial plexus drains adenoid layer
2.deep plexus drains the deep fibrous layer |
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where does lymph from the medial areas of the conjunctiva drain? lateral areas?
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1.medial drains to submandibular nodes
2.lateral drains to preauricular nodes |
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the nerve supply of the conjunctiva is distributed to...
origin? |
epithelium and stromal
sensory origin of V1 and V2 sympathetic: SCG parasym: pterygopalatine ganglion |
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where is the nerve endings most numerous in the bulbar conjunctiva
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1.limbal conjunctiva (under epithelium)
2.significantly higher touch sensitivity is found compared to the adjacent conjunctiva |
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what is notable about the nerve endings in the bulbar conjunctiva
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1.encapsulated by a single myelinated nerve fiber
2.have mechanoreceptor role by providing touch sensitivity |
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where is lacrimal gland located
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fossa for the lacrimal gland in the frontal bone
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what are the two portions the lacrimal gland?
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orbital and palberal, divided by the aponeurosis of the levator muscle
functionally: one gland |
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when does the lacrimal gland start to develop and when does it become functional
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development starts THIRD MONTH of fetal life
functional: 2weeks-2months after birth |
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what causes temporal bulging of the lacrimal gland in older people
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attachments of the fibrous surrounds of the lacrimal gland become attenuated, allowing the gland to herniate through a weakened orbital septum
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what happens to the lacrimal glands if the sympathetic system is stimulated
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1.no change in tear secretion
2.is the SCG is destroyed secretion of the gland is UNAFFECTED |
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what does the INFRA-ORBITAL ARTERY SUPPLY in the ocular system
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inferior rectus
inferior oblique lacrimal gland and sac lower lid |
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what does the orbital branch of the MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY supply in the ocular system
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1.enters orbit through superior orbital fissure
2.anastomosis with recurrent meningeal branch of the Lacrimal Artery |
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what is the purpose of the external carotid artery in the orbit
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internal maxillary artery (2 branches):
1.infra-orbital artery 2.orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery |
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what is the purpose of the internal carotid artery in the orbit
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gives rise to ophthalmic artery
origin: 1.medial to anterior clinoid process 2.enters the orbit through the optic canal within the dural sheath of the optic nerve |
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what are all the branches of the ophthalmic artery
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central retina
lacrimal muscular branch short post. ciliary long post. ciliary pial arteries supra-orbital post. ethmoid ant. ethmoid ant. meningeal medial palpebral frontal dorsal nasal *chicks like my spring loaded planes. so please acquire all models fast dude |
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in the muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery what does the LATERAL branch supply? MEDIAL?
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lateral: LR, SR, SO, LPS
medial: MR, IR, IO |
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what is the largest vein in the orbit? where does it form?
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superior ophthalmic vein
form in upper and medial corner of the orbital margin by the union of the Supra-Orbital and Angular Veins of the face |
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what does the superior ophthalmic vein collect? where does it drain?
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collections:
anterior and posterior ethmoid vein muscular veins (superior and medial muscles) lacrimal veins two upper vortex veins DRAINS TO CAVERNOUS SINUS |
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which vein drains the choroid, ciliary body and iris
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4 vortex veins
emerge a little behind the equator in the 4 quadrants of the eye |
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where does the upper two vortex veins drain? lower two vortex veins?
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upper 2 --> sup. ophthalmic vein
lower 2 --> inf. ophthalmic vein |
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what is a motor end plate
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contact made by the terminal branches of the axons with the muscle
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what happens at the motor end plate? where is it on the muscle?
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1.myelin sheath of the axon ends, ramifies into small end branches (lay on the surface of the muscle)
2.presynaptic structure (self explanatory) 3. middle 1/3 of the belly of the muscle |
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what is singly innervated fibers
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1.muscle fibers receiving input from motor end plates
2.one end plate per muscle fiber |
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what is unique about orbital singly innervated fibers
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UNENCAPSULATED spiral nerve endings
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from what fibers does the oculomotor regulatory centers receives sensory information
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muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs myotendious cylinders (specialized sensory receptors for global multiply innervated fibers) |
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where does the MEDIAL RECTUS insert
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horizontal meridian
5.5mm from limbus closest to cornea, covered by caruncle |
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where does the LATERAL RECTUS insert
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inserted laterally
horizontal meridian 6.9mm from limbus |
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where does the SUPERIOR RECTUS insert
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inserts superiorly
vertical meridian 7.7mm from limbus goes over SO to become inserted farther away from corneal margin than any other rectus muscle |
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where does the INFERIOR RECTUS insert
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inserts inferiorly
vertical meridian 6.5mm from limbus |
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where does the INFERIOR OBLIQUE insert
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the posterior, lateral and lower quadrant of the globe
at level of macula |
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where does the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE insert
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the posterior, lateral and upper
fan shaped, concave forward and oblique |
