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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DHS size
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225K emplyees
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DHS budget
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$55B in 2010
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DHS created by
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reaction to 9/11 so W could show he was doing something about terror
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First DHS Secretary
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Pennsylvania governor Tom Ridge
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Coasties now work under
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DHS in peacetime (formerly DoT)
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Patriot Act designed to sunset
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Dec 2005
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1st Amendment verbage
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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
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2nd Amendment verbage
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A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
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3rd Amendment verbage
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No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
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4th Amendment verbage
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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches in seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
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4th Amendment description
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No unreasonable search and siezure, need a warrant
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3rd Amendment description
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No forcing soldiers to board in citizen's houses
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5th Amendment description
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can't be tried twice for the same crime if the government didn't like the outcome, aren't compelled to testify against oneself, due process
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6th Amendment description
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Right to speedy, public trial, impartial jury, right to know what you're being charged with, right to counsel for defence
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7th Amendment description
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Right to a trial by jury in cases >20 dollars
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8th Amendment description
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No excess bail, fines; no cruel and unusual punishment
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9th Amendment description
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Because the Bill of Rights can't lay out every possible right, the rights not included in the Bill of Rights won't be infringed
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10th Amendment description
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Powers not delegated by the Constitution are given to the states or people
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Exception to prove the rule really means
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Exception that 'tests' the rule (old usage of the word prove)
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Constitution signatures date
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17 September 1787
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After Constitution was signed, it was
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given to the state for ratification
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Where was Constitution written
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Philadelphia Convention
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Virginia Plan
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Voting power given to states based on the sizes of their population
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New Jersey Plan
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Voting power given to states on an equal basis
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Compromise between Virginia and New Jersey
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called the Connecticut compromise
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Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
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1901-1910
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First female monarch
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Matilda 1141, unpopular
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End of War of Roses
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Bosworth Field
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Victor of Bosworth
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Henry 7
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Henry VII was from _ fam
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Lancaster
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First Plantagenet king
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Henry 2
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Controversy over
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Murder of Thomas Becket in 1170
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HENRY 2 known for
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Strengthening royal admin, murder of Becket, marriage to Eleanor, est. judicial system, est. claim to Ireland by landing exp force, bad dynastic struggles bc Henry wanted to divide the land among them
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Successor of John
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H3, at 9 years old in 1216
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Iran Iraq War times
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Sept 1980 - August 1988
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Iran-Iraq War Causes
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Border disputes, fears in Iraq of Shia Revolution after 1979, weakness after 1979, Saddam's desire for preeminence in Gulf, Iraq wanted Khuzestan
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Iran-Iraq War tactics
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Comparable to WWI: trenches, no man's land, human wave attackes, mustard gas,
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USA Supported (Iran-Iraq War)
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Iraq with loans, equipment, satellite imagery
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International community supported (Iran-Iraq War)
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Iraq, even the UN security council reported "chemical weapons had been used in the war" without stating it was Iraq only that had used chemical weapons
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Iraq became mandate under __ in __
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Britain in 1920
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First ruler of Kingdom of Iraq
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Faisal I, who was forced out of Syria by the French (Hashemite)
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Iraq gained independence in
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1932
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King of Iraq during great depression
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King Ghazi (33-39), figurehead weakened by coup attempts
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Guy who overthrew Hashemites in WW2
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al-Gaylani, but was too close to Axis for British comfort, and was defeated by British in 41
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British events in 40's
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Restore Hashemites, occupation until 1947
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Succesful coup in
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1958 by General Qasim
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Coup overthrowing military rule in _ by _
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1963 by Arif, overthrowing Qasim
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Baath party coup in
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1968 by al-Bakr
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Saddam elected in
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1979
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1979 revolution in Iran prompted Saddam to
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welcom the overthrow of the Shah and establish good relations with Ayatollah
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Ayotallah's policy toward Iraq prior to war
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call for the spread of Islamic revolution to Iraq, armed Shia/Kurd rebels, sponsor assassination attempts
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Kurdish spoken by
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10-15 percent of population
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Iraqi cuisine dates back
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10K years to Summerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians
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Abbasid Caliphate years
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750-1258
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Mezza (dish)
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selection of small dishes as appetizers to accompany booze prior to main dish
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Baba Ghanoush
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eggplant and mix of tomatoes, olive oil, onions, etc. served as a dip
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Falafel
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deep fried ball of ground chickpeas and spices
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Tashi
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Dip made from tahini, garlic, salt, lemon etc.
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Kleicha
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National cookie of Iraq, cookies filled with date mash and spiced with cardamom
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Iran known as Persia prior to
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1935
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Khuzestan
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oil rich, predominantly Arab part of SW Iran that was the predominant cause of Iran-Iraq War
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Iran's reaction to Iraq's increasingly hostile actions WRT Khuzestan (in the 70's)
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Became patron to Kurdish separatists
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1974 1975 Iran Iraq events
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Border wars over Iran's support of Kurds, Iraq easily defeated by US-backed Tehran
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1974 and 75 events led to
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Humiliating treaty for Iraq called Algiers Agreement
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Algiers Agreement
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1975 agreement which Iraq ceded territory (shat al-arab) to Iran in exchange for an end of Shah's support for Peshmerga
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Fate of Kurds after Algiers Agreement
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20K dead in short campaign, many executed
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Failed mission to extract Iran hostages dubbed
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Operation Eagle Claw
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Shat al-Arab
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Waterway which the Euhprates and Tigris empty into, leads to Gulf
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Iran foreign policy at start of war
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Banned communist parties, hostage situation with USA,
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What made Iran disorganized at beginning of war
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Thorough purge of officer corps, flight of human capital, exile of best soldiers and pilots
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Materiel state of Iran at beginning
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No spare parts for mighty air force, no supplies or support from other countries
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Iranians turn the tide in what year
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By 1982 they are launching successful counterattack, have air superiority
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Iran attacks __ in 82
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Basrah to cut Iraq from sea, fails
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Iraq uses what munitions in Basrah assault
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chemical weapons
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After Basrah, Iran
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Tries to invade entire country, but fails because of Iraq's entrenched positions and Iran's human wave attacks
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During Iranian invasion phase, Saddam's strategy is
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defense in depth
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Defense in depth
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elastic lines of defense instead of 1 very strong line of defense, as the attacker breaks through the initial defense line, resistance increases, leaving the attacker open to being , flanked or encircled and farther away from his supply lines
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defense in depth gives time by
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slowing attacker down, allowing time for defender to concentrate forces
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defense in depth disadvantage
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you have people in the front lines as a sacrificial tripwire, and sometimes you can't afford to lose certain kinds of territory
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de jure means
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by law, i.e. a law orders something, (vs de facto)
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miliken vs. bradley
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Supreme Court ruled that school districts were not responsible for desegration across district lines, (suburbs would not be forced to solve problems in the city) resulted in urban areas being black and suburban being white
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8 Mile Road
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Road in north detroit that separates whites on the north side from the blacks
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fossil fuels
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anaerobuic decomposiion of dead organisms, about 650 M years
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petra
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rock
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oleum
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oil
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petroleum usually composed of dead
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zooplankton and algae, made under intense heat and pressure
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gaseous fuels
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methane, ehtane, propane, butane,
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