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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 4 catecholamines?
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Epinephrine
Norepinephrine Isoproterenol Dopamine |
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Name 8 alpha Non-catecholamine sympathomimetics?
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Tyramine
Amphetamine Methamphetamine Phenylpropanolamine methylphenidate ephedrine Phenylephrine mathoxamine |
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Name 6 beta non-catecholamine sympathomimics?
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Metaproterenol
Terbutaline Albuterol Salmeterol Ritodrine Dobutamine |
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Name 2 blockers of catecholamine reuptake?
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Cocaine
Tricyclic antidepressants |
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name 6 alpha antagonists?
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phentolamine
phenoxybenzamine prazosin Doxazosine Terazosine Yohimbine |
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Name 8 beta blockers?
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Propranolol
Metoprolol atenolol pindolol timolol nadolol betaxolol esmolol |
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Name 2 beta and alpha blockers?
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baetalol
carvedilol |
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Name 5 adrenergic nerve function blockers?
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CNS acting: Clonidine, a-methyl Dopa
Tyrosine hydrolase inhibitor: a-methyl-para-tyrosine Catacholamine depletion agesnts: Reserpine, Guanethidine |
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What are catecholamines?
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are derived from tyrosine and have the effects of epinephrin
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Epinephrin?
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catacholamine
stimulates all alpha and beta receptors. not effective orally because it is degraded Short duration used for brochiodialatio in asthma |
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What is epinephrins effect on blood pressure?
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Alpha receptors cause vasoconstriciton wheras beta receptors cause vasodialation. there are fewer beta receptors but they are also more sensitive. Thus a small amount of EPI will produce vasodialation and a loarge amount of EPI will cause vaso constriction
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Norepiniephrine?
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catacholamine
acts on all alphas and beta 1s. Not orally effective A large dose will cause an increase in BP because out vasoconstriction and increased heart rate |
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Isoproterenol?
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synthetic catacholamine
Is a beta stimulant Used to releive bronchoconstrictive states. |
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Dopamine?
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catacholamine
metabolic precourser to NE and EPI Is the CNS neurotransmitter Domamine problems in the brain cause parkinsons Non-innervated Dopa receptors cause vasodialation in the kidney Used for compromised renal blood flow High amounts can stimulate Alpha and Beta receptors |
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Tyramine?
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Alpha agonist
primary metabolite of tyrosine causes release of NE from nerve terminals quickly inactivated neve need to have NE of tyramine to have an effect |
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Amphetamine and Methamphetamine?
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Alpha agonists
orally effective temporarily elevate mood with a rebound effect highly toxic 2 medical uses: treatment of hyperkinetic children and narcolepsy |
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Methylphenidate?
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Alpha agonist
mild CNS stimulant large doses will produce generalized CNS excitation used for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (ritalin) |
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Ephedrine?
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Alpha and beta agonist
half acts directly and half causes NE release orally used to treat asthma nasal decongestant pressor agent ophthamology for mydriases without cycloplegia |
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Phenylephrine?
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direct alpha agonist
orally effective in large doses pressor agent produces mydriases causes local vasoconstriction of nasal airways but can cause rebound congestion |
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Methoxamine?
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direct alpha agonist
given patenterally as a pressor drug used to produce mydriasis to treat paroxysmal atrial tachycardia via reflex |
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Metaproterenol?
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direct beta agonist
used to treat bronchial asthma givin inhalation and oraly |
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Terbutaline?
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direct beta agonist
has same clinical indications as metaproterenol longer acting more cardiac side effects |
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Albuterol?
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beta agonist
treatment of asthma similar to turbutaline long lasting fewer side effects |
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Salmeterol?
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beta agonist
long lasting beta 2 agonist used for asthma |
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Ritodrine?
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beta 2 agonist
relax smoth muscle of the uterus and delay premature labor cardiac side effects 30% absorbed orally sometimes given slowly at first to test affect |
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Dobutamine?
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synthetic beta 1 agonist
increases cardiac outpus without vasoconstriction increases force of contraction not orally effective half-life of 2 min rapidly metabolized by liver givein IV for short term cardiac insuffecency |
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Cocaine?
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an inhibitor of uptake
also a local anethetic |
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Tricyclic antidepressants?
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Potent inhibitors of uptake
Used for thier CNS effects on depression |
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Clonidine?
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CNS acting a2 stimulant.
popular antihypersensitive drug decreases CNS sympathetic tone Used for opioid withdrawl can cause rebound hypertension |
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a-methyldopa?
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CNS-acting a2 stimulant
antihypersensitivity drug Not metabolized by MAO longer lasting than NE Converted and stored like NE |
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a-methyl-para tyrosine?
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tyrosine hydrolase inhibitor
reduces transmitter concentration in sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers used to depress catacholamine levels with pheochromocytomas |
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Reserpine?
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catacholamine depleter
antihypersensitivily Large doses cause a NE like effect because NE leaks out readily enters CNS causes Parkinson's symptoms |
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Guanethidine?
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catacholamine depleter
potent antihypsersensitivity Depleats NE does not pass BB barrier rapis action |
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Phentolamine?
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a blocker, competes with NE
blocks both but likes a receptors better once used for screening test for pheochromacytomas |
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Phenoxybenzamine?
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a1 blocker
longer duration initially acts like phentolamine but then irreversibly binds the receptrs |
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Prazosin?
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a1 blocker
does not produce largte reflex tachycardia usedful for some hypertensive patients slowly administered because some pts. have a big hypotensive reaction May act in the CNS to reduce sympathetic tone |
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Terosin and Dazosine?
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a1 blockers
Prazosine-like drugs longer lasting used for benign protatic hyertrophy |
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Yohimbin?
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a2 blocker
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Propranolol?
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b1 and 2 blocker
initially used to treat cardiac arrhythmias poten local anethetic effective antihypertensive drug well absorbed orally big first pass effect used also for stage fright elimiated by liver |
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Metroprolol?
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b1 blocker
cardioselective some first pass effects 10% Produces more CNS effects |
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Atenolol?
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b1 blocker
cardioselective longer lasting less CNS effects than metrprolol excreted in kidneys |
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Pindolol?
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nonselective b blocker
excreted both liver and kidnets has some sympathomimic activity less cardiac depression and is better tolerated in excercise |
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Timolol?
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extreamly potent, non-selectibe b blocker
topical application leads to decrease intraocular pressure drug of choice for glaucoma first drug to show a prevention of reinfarction of mydocardium |
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Nadolol?
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non selective b blocker
exctreted in kidney very long duration |
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Betazolol?
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b1 blocker
metabolized by liver long half life minor first pass effect 50% |
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Esmolol?
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B1 blocker cardioselective
very short half life used for acute em,ergency control of ventricular heart rate in pts. with atrial fibrilation |
