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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some causes of muscle strain?
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• ischemia
• overuse, • local irritating factor, • metabolic abnormality of muscle • Viscerosomatic reflex |
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What are key locations for conditioned behavior/learned avoidance?
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brainstem, midbrain nuclei, cortical limbic system.
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What can lower the pain threshhold?
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sympathetics, vasoconcstriction
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What peptides are at the end of the nociception pathway as an "inflammatory cascade"
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prostoglandins, bradykinins --> lowers the nociceptor threshold
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What sacral plexus/internal iliac vessel branches are at the superior border of the piriformis m?
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superior gluteal nerve and vessels
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What sacral plexus/internal iliac vessel branches are at the inferior border of the piriformis m?
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– Pudendal nerve and vessels
– Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels – Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve – Nerves to the short external rotators of the femor (obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris) except for piriformis and obturator externus |
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What pain sensations, tenderness, and neurlogical deficits are commonly found in a piriformis syndrome pt
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• Pain
– Low back pain with radiation down the thigh – Hip or buttock pain • Tenderness over the piriformis muscle – Exacerbated by provocative testing or palpation • Paresthesias along the course of the sciatic nerve • Absence of true neurologic deficit |
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What are some possible etiologies of piriformis syndrome?
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-minor trauma to buttocks or pelvis (maybe repetitive injury like running)
-functional: sit in awkward position for long time, sacral base unleveling, pelvic instability |
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What is a stretch that can be used for piriformis?
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deep knee bends
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Bed
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Cama
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What are the 5 stages of psoas syndrome?
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1. bilateral spasm
2. unilaterally dominant spasm 3. add sacral torsion 4. add piriformis spasm 5. add sciatica |
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What is the key lesion of unilaterally dominant spasm?
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L1 F RrSBr
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What are some PSOAS DONT's?
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• Sleep on stomach
• Use heat to treat • Slump or slouch when sitting • Bend forward (to touch toes, tie shoes, etc.) • Lean toward painful sidebending *i.e.. pain on increase side bending of lumbar spine in sitting posture • Perform sit ups • Lean backward when standing |
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What are some psoas do's?
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• Passive stretch with rolled towel(TID)
• Active stretch (5-20x/day) • Supine leg lifts ( 6 inches) • Push ups • Swimming • Report any change in condition |
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Is the bladder wall activated by SNS or PSNS?
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PSNS (inhibited by SNS)
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Are the sphincter, trigone, and urethral orifice activated by the SNS or PSNS?
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SNS (inhibited by PSNS)
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What innervation controls blood flow to the kidneys?
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celiac plexus (SNS fibers to renal artery)
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How is pain from ureteric stones transmitted back to the CNS?
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sympathetic afferent fibers to T10-L1 (ureteric plexus)
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What are the sympathetic innervation levels to the kidney and upper ureter?
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T10-L1 (via superior mesenteric ganglion)
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What is the sympathetic innervation to the bladder (and distal ureter)?
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T12-L2 (via IMG/hypogastric plexus)
» Alpha adrenergic – relaxes detrusor » Beta – 2 adrenergic – closes internal urethral sphincter |
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What is the parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?
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Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)
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What is the parasympathetic innervation to the kidney?
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vagus nerve
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What happens to the surrounding lymphatics when there is a ureteral obstruction?
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dilate to preserve renal function
(lymphatics help concentrate urine) |
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What is the sympathetic treatment plan for urologic dysfunction?
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rib raising (T10-L2)
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What is the lymphatics treatment plan for urologic dysfunction?
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thoracic inlet and diaphragms
rib raising lymphatic pump (?) |
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What is the parasympathetic treatment plan for urologic dysfunction?
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OA/AA
OM suture sacrum/pelvis |
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What spinal levels of somatic dysfunction should you treat for sympathetics to the kidney and bladder?
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T10-L2
C2-3 |
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BPH can cause TART findings at what spinal levels?
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T11-L1
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What is the AF philosophy of military uniforms?
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Uniform will be plain without excessive ornamentation to present an professional appearance and to keep uniform maintenance easy and inexpensive.
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Who does the following describe?:
– Pioneer career osteopathic researcher – Director, AT Still Research Institute 1917- 1935 – Paid as AOA researcher until 1950 – Experimentally induced spinal fixations in animals & then noted the effects of these lesions on brain, heart, GI, reproductive organs, lungs, kidneys (S-V Reflexes) – V-S Reflexes |
louisa burns, DO
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Who does the following describe?:
• Studied with Dr. Burns 1948-50 • Reproduced her experiments and data • Internal Validation |
Wilbur Cole,DO
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Who does the following describe?:
– Did numerous studies documenting & quantifying muscle, muscle reflex & autonomic changes in areas of somatic dysfunction (“osteopathic lesion”). – “Reflex Activity in the Spinal Extensors”, utilized EMG/palpation correlation: documented spinal muscle reflex changes in areas of osteopathic lesions. – Standard Terminology Proponent – Facilitation of spinal cord |
JS Denslow, DO
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who does the following describe?:
– Performed studies documenting changes in galvanic skin resistance as a result of disturbances in autonomic function, in areas of skin of subjects associated with palpatory findings of somatic dysfunction – Axoplasmic flow & the trophic function of nerves – Facilitation of spinal cord – Sympatheticotonia |
IM Korr, DO
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Who does the following describe?:
• Reliability Studies • Validity Studies • Viscerosomatic Reflexes |
William Johnston, DO
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What are 2 functions of the anterior lumbopelvic core muscles?
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stabilize the spine
increase intra-abdominal pressure |
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What are the anterior lumbopelvic core muscles?
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rectus abdominus, ext/int obliques, transvere abd, diaphragm, levator ani
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What are the posterior lumbopelvic core muscles
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•Interspinales lumborum
•Rotatores •Intertransversii lumborum •Quadratus lumborum •Multifidus •Iliocostalis lumborum •Erector spinae •Longissimus •Latissimus Dorsi •Biceps Femoris? •Semitendinosis? •Semimembranosis? |
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What are the 2 functions of the posterior lumbopelvic core muscles?
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stabilize the spine
distribute force |
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What are the medial lumbopelvic core muscles?
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• Adductor longus
• Adductor brevis • Adductor magnus • Pectinius • Gracilis • Iliopsoas |
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What are the 2 functions of the medial lumbopelvic core muscles?
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• Stabilze the hip
and pelvis • Transfer force to the lumbar spine |
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What are the lateral lumbopelvic core muscles?
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– Gluteus Maximus
– Gluteus Medius-posterior – Pyriformis – Gemelius • Superior and Inferior – Obturator • Internus and Externus – Quadratus Femoris – Sartorius |
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What are the 2 functions of the lateral lumbopelvic core muscles?
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• Stabilize the hip
laterally • Transfer force |
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What are 4 aspects of scapular dyskinesia?
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– Posterior medial scapula
stabilizer weakness • Results in “Rounded Shoulder” – Affects glenohumeral articulation – Acromial clavicular and Sternoclavicular angle articulations altered – Affects carry angle of the Arm |
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What are the anterior periscapular muscles of the shoulder core?
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–Pectoralis Maj./Min.
–Coracobrachialis –Biceps Long/Short Heads –Serratus Anterior |
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What are the posterior periscapular muscles of the shoulder core?
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–Trapezius Upper/Lower
–Levator Scapulae –Rhomboid Maj./Minor –Serratus Posterior |
