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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT ARE HISPANICS |
Spanish speaking Americans |
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WHY DID IMMIGRATION OF HISPANICS INCREASE AFTER WW11 |
up to ww2 the Hispanics came over from Mexico because they were poor and the USA offered work. During the War the government offered the HIsPANICs work because they were good farm workers and so US signed the BRACERO agreement where thousands became contract workers. As the War was ending more Hispanics started to settle in US |
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IMMIGRATION ACT 1965 |
This said that the families of the workers could come and live and settle with the hIsPANIc worker. They moved close to the border. By 1978 tere were 7 million Hispanics in US and 1 million in LA alone. |
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DISCRIMINATION FACED |
They had little wages, ill treatment, poor education, discriminated aginst by the police and were underrepresented in local politics. The electorsl boundaries were gerrymandered to ensure they were in the minority. They began the CHICANO movement. |
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REIS TIJERINA |
A militant leader in 1960, he campaigned for the return of land from New Mexico to the Chicanos based on an old treaty. He failed but he did suceed in highlighting the discrimination and gave young chicanos a sense of pride. |
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RODOLFO 'corky' GONZALES |
He founded the crusade for justice in Dever 1966 campaigning for better conditions for Chicanos. He led the Chicanos in the Washington March alongside MLK. HE GAVE STUDENTS ACTIVE SUPPORT IN THIER CAMPAIGN. |
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CESAR CHAVEZ |
Founded the UFW campaigning for better working conditions. Passionate about non-violent direct action and infkuenced by MLK |
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NATIONAL BOYCOTT OF GRAPES 1966 |
Lasted for 5 years and got the growers to recognise the UFW. They eventualky signed bargaining agreements with the CHICANOS for better wages and therefore Chavez had suceeded. |
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EDUCATION |
Ver poor education, segregated, few teachers In March 1968 thousands - 20000 - walked out from their school. High media coverage but police were called and education didnt change. |
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NATIVE AMERICAS |
Mainly from the Great Plains, since 1900 settled in Oklemhoma, Arizona, California. Originally Normadic Tribes |
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DISCRIMINATION FACED |
Forced to live on reservations after land had been taken. Living conditions were poor. No fertile soil.US toom away their tribal councils in an attempt to 'make them more American'. gov sponsered schemes tried to move them into urban areas in an attempt to reduce illiteracy, alcoholism. 1950s over 100 tribes had been terminated. |
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POLICY OF ASSIMILATION |
An attempt to intergrate them into society. BIA passed it as a law in 1920s. 25% NAs sterilized and by 1980 only 1 million in US. |
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RED POWER |
Set by AIM in 1968. They wore red berets and parrolled the streets and reduced the number of NA arrests |
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VINE DELORIA |
Published a book attacking the assimilation police - red power uprising |
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ALCATRAZ 1969 |
AM offered to but Alcatraz for $24 to turn it into a museum but was rejected. Attracted media attention but achieved nothing. |
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MARCH ON WASHINGTON 1972 |
Protestors took the offices of the BIA |
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WOUNDED KNEE |
27th FebuRy 1973 AIM activists took over the trading post at wounded knee. This wastheinfamous massacre site of NAs. Theydid this because the head of the BIA was mishandling gov funds that should have been spent on their welfare. They also wanted to raise awareness of the environmental and social impacts of the mining in Dekota Hills. Lasted 72 days and 3 died. Only 300 protestors. ‼Raised media attention but nothing achieved |
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LEGAL CHALLENGES |
Na hired lawyers to press for land tht should be theirs Nixon was forced to act Returned 48000 HA of land to NA 1975 Indian Self Determination ended the policy of assimilation 1974 Indian child welfare act 1978 Indian Religious freedom Act |
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Obstacles facing women in 1960s |
It was considered that a women's role was to be the wife and mother and run the home. They couldn't get a well-paid job Good education Be on a jury It took until 1909 for Princeton and Yale to accept women Tight restrictions in employment - a flight attendant couldn't be older than 30 and had to be a certain height. |
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Impact of the PIll |
The pill could be got in 1960s from a doctor 99.8% effective Women could focus on career It revolutionised the ability for women to plan families By 1968 11 million were using the Pill It provoked the sexual revolution It came at the right time as Kennedy was all for technological advances |
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What Women did to campaign |
STATUS COMMISSION: 1960 set up by Eleanor Roosenvelt. She pressured Kennedy to set up a commission for women's rights. In 1963 they reported that 95% of company manager were men and women earned 50% less than men. They also could be dismissed from employment after they got married BETTY FRIEDNAN: In 1963 she wrote the feminine mystique that sold a million copies. It challenged the preconception that happiness comes from involvement in the home and encouraged women to FIGHT FOR FREEDOM. She studied women after they had got their degrees and found that most of them had become domestic servants feeling depressed and undervalued NOW: This was the National Organisation for Women's freedom founded by Betty Friednan. It had 40,000 members by 1970 WOMEN'S LIB: Most radical organsation. Had 2000 members. Activley campaigned, burning bras and with lesbian leaders. IN 1968 they showed that women are not objects by crowning a sheep as Miss World Beauty. Media loved them but were doing negative things for the cause. |
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1964 Civil Rights Act |
This prohibited the discrimination by employees and labour unions based on gender. It set up the Equal Employment Oppitunities Commission which could file law suits based of aggrieved workers. |
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1972 Educational Amendments Act |
This prohibited discrimination in educational facilities. Colleges had to require an affirmative action programme. |
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Issue of abortion |
ESTELLE GRISWOLD: Estelle was a young medical student. She lived in Connecticut where it was very ANTI-ABORTION. She hired lawyers, saying it wasn't the unwanted baby it was the lack of privacy for ordinary Americans. The case was taken to the Supreme Court and Estelle was successful. WADE VS ROE CASE: Roe was a young, pregnant she didn't have the funds to access an abortion. 1973 one of the most famous Supreme Court cases. |
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OPPOSITION |
When the time for attacking communists had gone out of fashion, many right wingers turned to attaking feminists. STOP ERA was led by Phyllis Schlfly and was an ANIT-FEMINIST movement. Stood for Equal Rights Ammendments Act. 63% population was in favour of ERA. THEY SAID.... They denied the rights of an unborn child through abortion. Devalued the role of women by making it equal to men's. |
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How far had the position of women in society changed by the Mid-1970s |
EMPLOYMENT: Employment protection for workers needing extended time off to care for family members (1993) Prohibitions against discriminating in employment against pregnant women (1978) SEX: The Pill in 1960s gave women more independence and provoked the sexual revolution. LEGAL: Protection against violence (1994) Provision of federal funds for child care (1990) Tougher child support laws and protection of pension rights for widows and divorced women (1984) Minimum wage protection for domestic workers (1974)
NO IT HADNT CHANGED.... Stop era 63% country supported it |
