Ocr Gcse Computing Theory Entire Course

Front 1

Computer

Back 1

An Electronic, Programmable, Data Processing Machine

Front 2

System

Back 2

A Collection Of Parts That Work Together To Achieve A Purpose

Front 3

Computer System

Back 3

Collection Of Software And Hardware To Achieve A Data Processing Task

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Input

Back 4

Data Received By A Computer

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Output

Back 5

Resulting, Processed Data From A Computer

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Process

Back 6

Execution Of A Task On Data

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General Purpose System

Back 7

Systems That Have Various Functions And Can Have Apps Loaded Onto Them (Laptops, Tablets And Phones)

Front 8

Dedicated System

Back 8

System Designed For A Single Function (Ticket Machines And Vending Machines)

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Control System

Back 9

Systems That Control Machinery (Used In Industry And Gadgets)

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Embedded System

Back 10

Systems Part Of A Larger System (Smart Watches, Satnavs And Traffic Lights)

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Expert System

Back 11

Systems Designed To Work Like Humans That Use A Database Of Facts And An Inference Engine To Find Results (Diagnostic Machines, Credit Checks And Comparisons)

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Information Management System

Back 12

Systems That Show Data From Different Areas (Data, Technology And People) To Allow Managers To Make Sensible Decisions (School Administration)

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Data Integrity

Back 13

The Maintenance Of Accuracy, Legitimacy And Consistency Of Data

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Standard

Back 14

Rules Surrounding Computer Systems, Hardware And Software

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De Facto Standard

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Standards That Are Followed Generally By The Majority So Systems Can Work Together (Microsoft Word Files, Qwerty Keyboard Layouts And USB Ports)

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De Jure Standard

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Standards That Have To Be Followed (Almost By Law) For Communication To Be Possible (ASCII, TCP/IP And PDF)

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Proprietary Standard

Back 17

Standards Owned By A Private Organisation To Ensure Compatibility Between Products, To Reduce Competition Between Rivals (Apple Software Is Needed For iPhones)

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Industry Standard

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Standards Recognised By Non-Commercial Organisations (International Standards Organisation) To Ensure Safety And Compatibility

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Open Standard

Back 19

Publically Available Standards That Allow Interoperability Between Developers (HTTP, HTML And XML)

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UK Data Protection Act

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Allows: Viewing Of Data Held And Correction Of Incorrect Data, While Stopping: Collection Of Damaging, Distressing Or Irrelevant Data; The Use Of Data For Unpermitted Marketing And The Transmission Data Outside The European Economic Area

Front 21

Hardware

Back 21

Physical Components Of A Computer System (CPU, RAM, Keyboard)

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Software

Back 22

Collection Of Programs That Perform A Collection Of Tasks

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Operating System

Back 23

Set Of Programs That Control Hardware And Allow Users To Work With The Computer

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RAM

Back 24

Random Access Memory Is Storage That Allows Access To Any Piece Of Data. Used To Store Data For Running Programs As Data Is Lost When The Power Is Off

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ROM

Back 25

Read Only Memory, Contains Boot Program As Data Isn’t Lost When The Power Is Turned Off (Only About 2MB)

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CPU

Back 26

Central Processing Unit That Fetches, Decodes And Executes Instructions

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Control Unit (CPU)

Back 27

Uses Electrical Signals To Control Data Flow In CPU

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Arithmetic And Logic Unit (CPU)

Back 28

Carries Out Operations In The CPU

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Boot Sequence

Back 29

Sequence Of Processes That Gets A Computer Running

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Boot Loader

Back 30

Starts The Boot Sequence When The Computer Is Switched On

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Clock Speed

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Measured In Cycles Per Second/Gigahertz (GHz) And Is The Speed Of The Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle

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Cache Memory

Back 32

Data Copied From Main Memory And Then Sent To The CPU To Speed Up Clock Speed

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Multi Core Processors

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Multiple CPUs Working Together So More Data Is Processed, However More Complicated OS Are Needed

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Memory

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Storage Location For Data

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Volatile/Non-Volatile

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Data Is Lost When Power Is Turned Off / Data Isn't Lost When Power Is Turned Off

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Virtual Memory

Back 36

Extension For The Ram When Their Isn’t Enough Storage To Run The Programs, Access To Virtual Memory Takes Longer As It Is An Extension

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Flash Memory

Back 37

Type Of ROM Storage That Is Portable And Used For Transferring Data (USB Sticks And Memory Cards)

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Logic Gates

Back 38

Used To Make Calculations And Get Different Outputs In Computers Use Of Binary

Front 39

RFID Reader

Back 39

Input Device That Reads Electronic Version Of A Barcode

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Foot Mouse

Back 40

Input Device That Controls A Mouse With A Trackball By The Feet, Used By People With Limited Hand Movement

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Puff-Suck Switch

Back 41

Input Device That Is Used By People With Severe Physical Disability (Complete Paralysis Except Breathing)

Front 42

Eye-Typer

Back 42

Input Device That Tracks Eye Movement And Translates Into Commands And Is Used By People With Severe Physical Disability (Complete Paralysis Except Breathing And Eye Movement)

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Plotter

Back 43

Output Device That Draws Large Scale Drawings

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Actuators

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Output Device That Creates Physical Movements In Response To A Commands

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Magnetic Hard Drive

Back 45

Reliable, High Capacity, Low Cost Storage That Contains The OS And Program Data

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Optical Disk

Back 46

Good Capacity, Low Cost, Portable Storage, Good For Transferring Files And Software

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SD Card

Back 47

Secure Digital Card: Tiny Flash Memory Cards For Use In Portable Devices

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Memory Stick

Back 48

Removable, Low Cost Flash Memory, Usually Used In USB Slots

Front 49

System Software

Back 49

Software That Directly Controls Hardware

Front 50

Application Software

Back 50

Software That Handles Real World Jobs Wanted Done By Users

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Utility Software

Back 51

Functional Software For Computer System Maintenance

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Programming Language

Back 52

Used To Create Software, Uses Different Words With Embedded Code To Create Programs From Scratch

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Kernel

Back 53

Basic Core Of An OS, Controls Security, File Management And Resource Allocation

Front 54

User Interface Software

Back 54

Displays Responses From Users’ Action On A Computer, Used To Separate The Machine From The User And To Give Them Full Control

Front 55

Command Line Interface

Back 55

Allows Users To Type Commands That The Computer Can Understand By Translating It

Front 56

Shell

Back 56

Software Used By A User To Communicate With The Kernel

Front 57

Shell Scripts

Back 57

Commands That Are Used In Shell Software

Front 58

GUI

Back 58

Graphical User Interface, Uses Icons To Represent Resources And Files And Gives Control Of The Computer System To The User In A Basic Way That Requires No Training

Front 59

Peripheral Management

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The Management Of Secondary Storage Data Transfer

Front 60

Defragmentation

Back 60

Re-Organising Files To Have Them Sorted Neatly So Access Speed Becomes Faster

Front 61

Device Drivers

Back 61

Software That Creates An Interface To Simplify Device Details, Allows An OS To Communicate With The Device And Allows The Device To Operate Independently

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Multiprogramming

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Having Several Programs Loaded On Memory At One Time So The CPU Can Quickly Switch Between Processes When A User Is Multitasking

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Scheduler

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Used By The OS To Allocate Time For Processing

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File Extensions

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Extensions To Names Of Files To Show What Their File Type Is (.doc, .pdf And .html)

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File System

Back 65

Organised Directory Of Groups Of Files

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Attributes

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Extra Information Showing Who Made A File, Who Can View/Edit It, When It Was Accessed And Changed And How Big It Is And More

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Viruses

Back 67

Replicating Software That Takes Data, Damages Files And Takes Control Of A Computer, Transmitted Through Legitimate Programs And Internet Downloads

Front 68

Authentication

Back 68

Using Usernames And Passwords To Add Security To Computers

Front 69

Privileges

Back 69

Rights Assigned To Users, Stating What They Can And Cannot Do

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Encryption

Back 70

Storing Information So Unauthorised People Cannot Access It (Storage Of Passwords)

Front 71

Text Editors

Back 71

Basic Word Processors That Only Store Text, Without Formatting

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Application

Back 72

Collection Of Programs To Create Software That Solves Real Life Problems To Help Or Entertain Users

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Formatting Utility

Back 73

Software That Changes The File Type Of Data

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Defrag Utility

Back 74

Software That Arranges Files Neatly To Save Storage Space

Front 75

File Transfer Utility

Back 75

Software For Moving Files Across Networks

Front 76

Auto-Update Utility

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Software That Updates Other Software Automatically By Downloading New Versions Off The Internet When They Become Available

Front 77

Antivirus

Back 77

Software That Prevent, Detect And Remove Viruses From Computer Systems

Front 78

Spyware Protection

Back 78

Removes Programs That May Track Text Entry To Gain Passwords And Sensitive Data

Front 79

Firewalls

Back 79

Monitors Information Entering And Leaving On The Internet To Prevent Unauthorized Material

Front 80

System Maintenance Utility

Back 80

Software That Clears Junk Files And Update Registry Entries

Front 81

System Information

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Gives Information About The Computers Details (Clock Speed, Storage Etc.)

Front 82

System Diagnosis

Back 82

Checks For Problems On Storage And Gives Ways To Solve Problems

Front 83

System Clean Up

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Clears Unneeded Cache, History And Cookie Files To Save Storage

Front 84

Custom Written Software

Back 84

Software Written By Developers For A Particular Customer, Has Required Features But Isn’t Well Tested And Can Be Very Expensive

Front 85

Off The Shelf Software

Back 85

Mass Produced Software For General Public Use, Can Be Bought Packaged And Ready For Installation At Computing Shops, Well Tested But Often Expensive

Front 86

Open Source Software

Back 86

Readily Available Software That Can Be Downloaded For Free And Have The Code Edited By Anyone

Front 87

Proprietary Software

Back 87

Software Developed By A Company To Make A Profit, Made To Suit Companies Products And Can Limit Compatibility But Is Extensively Tested

Front 88

Binary

Back 88

Base 2 Number System Using Only 1s And 0s

Front 89

Hexadecimal

Back 89

Base 16 Number System Using 0-9 And A - G

Front 90

Denary

Back 90

Base 10 Number System Using 0-9

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Bit

Back 91

Single Binary Digit

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Nibble

Back 92

4 Bits

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Byte

Back 93

8 Bits/2 Nibbles

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Kilobyte

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1024 Bytes

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Megabyte

Back 95

1024 Kilobytes

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Gigabyte

Back 96

1024 Megabytes

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Terabyte

Back 97

1024 Gigabytes

Front 98

Character Set

Back 98

List Of Characters With Matching Code

Front 99

ASCII

Back 99

7 Bit Character Set That Allows 127 Characters, De Facto Standard That Accounts For Each Key/Symbol On The Keyboard

Front 100

Unicode

Back 100

Extended Set Of Characters That Uses 16 Bits And Gives Space For 4 Billion Characters

Front 101

Metadata

Back 101

Data Alongside A File That Gives Details Like Resolution, File Type And Width

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Pixel

Back 102

A Single Coloured Dot On A Screen, Used With Many Other Pixels To Create Images

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Colour Depth

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Bits Per Pixel (bbp) Gives A Certain Range Of Colour Possibilities, The Greater The Depth, The Better Colour Quality

Front 104

Resolution

Back 104

Dots Per Inch (dpi) Gives The Amount Of Pixels In A Certain Area, The More Pixels, The Greater The Detail

Front 105

Bitmapped Image

Back 105

Images Made Of Pixels

Front 106

Pixelated

Back 106

When Individual Pixels Can Be Seen In An Image Due To Enlargement