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812 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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ā (ab) + ab
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by, from
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absum, abesse, afuī
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I am absent, I am away
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ac, atque
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and
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accidit, -ere, accidit
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it happens
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accipiō, -ere, accēpi, acceptum
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I receive, I accept
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acer, acris, acre
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keen, fierce, sharp
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aciēs, aciēī
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line, battle line, army
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ad + acc.
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to, towards, near
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addō, addere, addidī, additum
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add, join
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adeō
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to such an extent, so much
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adhūc
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still, up till now
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adimō, adimere, adēmī, ademptum
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take away, remove
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adsum, adesse, adfuī
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I am present, I am here
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adulescēns, adulescentis m. f.
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young man, young woman
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adveniō, advenīre, adventum
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arrive
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aedificium, -ī n
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building
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aedificō (1)
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I build
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ager, agrī m
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field
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aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum
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I attack
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agmen, agminis n.
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column (of men), army
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ago, -ere, ēgi, actum
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I do, drive, spend (time)
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aliquis, -qua, -quid
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someone, anyone
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alius, -a, -ud (aliī…aliī)
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another, other (some…others)
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alter, altera, alterum
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the other, second
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altus, -a, -um
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high, deep
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ambulō (1)
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I walk
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amīca, -ae f
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girl-friend
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amīcus, -ī m
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friend
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āmittō, -ere, āmīsī, āmissum
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I lose
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amō (1)
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I love
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amor, amōris m.
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love
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an (utrum ... an)
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or (whether ... or)
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angustus, -a, -um
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narrow, confined
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aninadvertō, animadvertere, animadvertī, animadversum
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notice, observe
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animus, -ī m.
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mind, heart, feeling, spirit
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annus, -ī m
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year
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ante + acc.
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before, in front of
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anteā
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previously
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antequam
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before
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aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum
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open
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appropinquō (1) + dat.
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I approach
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apud + acc.
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with, among, at the house of
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aqua, -ae f.
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water
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aquila, -ae f
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eagle
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ārā, -ae f.
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altar
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arbor, arboris f
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tree
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arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum
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I summon, I send for
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arbor, -oris f.
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tree
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argentum, -ī n
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silver, money
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arma, -ōrum n. pl.
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arms, weapons, armour
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ars, artis f
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art, skill
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ascendō, -ere, ascendi, ascēnsum
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I climb, go up
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at
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but
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attonitus, -a, -um
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astonished
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audāx, audācis m. f. n.
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bold, daring
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audeō -ēre, ausus sum
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I dare
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audiō (4)
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I hear
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auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum
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take away, carry off, steal
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aut (aut…aut)
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or (either…or)
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autem
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but, however
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auxilium, -ī n
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help
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bellum, -i n.
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war
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bene
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well
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beneficium, -iī n
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kindness, service, favour
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bona, -ōrum n
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goods
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bonus, -a, -um
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good
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brevis, -e
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short
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cado, -ere, cecidī, cāsum
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I fall
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caedēs, caedis f
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slaughter, killing, murder
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caelum, -ī n.
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sky
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callidus, -a, -um
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clever, cunning
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campus, -ī m.
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plain, field
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canis, -is m. f.
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dog
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capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum
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I take, I capture
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captīvus, -ī m
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prisoner
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caput, capitis n.
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head
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cārus, -a, -um
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dear
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castra, -ōrum n. pl.
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camp
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causa, -ae f.
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cause, reason
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causā + gen.
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for the sake of
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caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum
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beware of, take care
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cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum
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I go, I give way
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celer, celeris, celere
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swift, fast
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cēlō (1)
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I hide, I conceal
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centuriō, centuriōnis m
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centurion
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cēnō (1)
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I dine
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centuriō, centuriōnis m.
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centurion
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cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētum
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see, perceive, decree
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certāmen, certāminis n
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contest, battle, struggle
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certus, -a, -um
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certain, sure, fixed
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certiōrem facere
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to confirm, inform
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cēterī, -ae, -a
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the rest (of)
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cibus, -ī m.
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food
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circum, circā + acc
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around, about
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cīvis, cīvis m. f.
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citizen
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cīvitās, cīvitātis f.
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state, community
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clādēs, clādis f
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disaster, loss, defeat
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clam
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secretly
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clāmō (1)
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I shout
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clāmor, clāmōris m.
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shout
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clārus, clāra, clārum
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clear, famous, distinguished
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coepī, coepisse, coeptum (defective)
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I begin, I have begun
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cogitō, cogitāre, cogitāvī, cogitātum
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think, consider
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cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī, cognitum
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I get to know, I find out
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cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctum
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I compel
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cohors, cohortis f
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cohort
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colō, -ere, coluī, cultum
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I cultivate, I worship, I honour
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comes, -itis m. f
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companion
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committō, commitere, commīsī, commissum
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commit, fight, begin (battle)
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comparō (1)
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I prepare, I gain, I obtain
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condemnō, condemnāre, condemnāvī, condemnātum
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condemn, convict
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condō, condere, condidī, conditum
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found, establish, hide
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confer, conferre, contulī, conlātum/collātum
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collect, compare, contribute, bsstow
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cōnficio, -ere, cōnfēcī, confectum
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I complete, I wear out
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confidō, confider, confīsus sum + dat
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trust, believe, have confidence
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coniūnx, coniugis m. f.
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husband, wife
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cōnor (1 dep.)
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I try
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cōnsilium, -i n.
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plan, prudence, council, advice, prudence
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cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitum
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halt, stand, stand firm
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cōnspicio, -ere, cōnspexi, cōnspectum
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I catch sight of, see, notice, observe
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cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum
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I decide, establish
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cōnsul, -ulis m.
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Consul
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cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum
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consult, consider, advise
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cōnsūmō, -ere, cōnsūmpsī, cūnsūmptum
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I eat, consume, spend
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contendō, -ere, contendi, contentum
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I hurry, I march, I fight, I contend
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contrā + acc.
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against
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cōpiae, -ārum f. pl.
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forces, troops, supplies
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corpus, -oris n.
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body
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corripiō, corripere, corripuī, correptum
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seize, carry off
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cōtīdiē (or cottīdiē)
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every day, daily
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crās
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tomorrow
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crēdō, -ere, crēdidī, crēditum + dat.
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I believe, I trust, entrust
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crīmen, crīminis n
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accusation, charge, crime
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crūdēlis, -is, -e
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cruel
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culpa, -ae f
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fault, blame
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cum + abl.
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with
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cum + ind.
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when
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cum + subj.
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when, since, although
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cunctus, -a, -um
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all, whole
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cupidus, -a, -um (+gen.)
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eager (for), greedy
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cupiō, -ere, cupīvī, cupītum
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I desire
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cūr?
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why?
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cūra, -ae f.
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care, charge, anxiety
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cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum
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care for, cure; with gerundive = get something done
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currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum
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I run
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custōdiō (4)
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I guard
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custōs, -ōdis m.
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guard
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dē + abl.
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about, from, down from, concerning
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dea, -ae f.
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goddess
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dēbeō (2)
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I owe, I ought, I have to
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dēcipio, -ere, dēcēpī, dēceptum
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I deceive
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dēdō, -ere, dēdidi, dēditum
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I surrender
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dēfendō, -ere, dēfendī, defēnsum
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I defend
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dēffessus, -a, -um
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tired
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deinde
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then, next, afterwards
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dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum
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I destroy
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dēlīberō (1)
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I deliberate, I consider seriously
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dēnique
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finally
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dēscendō, -ere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum
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I descend
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deus, -ī m.
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god
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dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum
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owe, ought
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dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcepī, dēceptum
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deceive
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dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsīvī,/dēsiī, dēsitum
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cease
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dēsperō, dēsperāre, dēsperāvī, dēsperātum
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despair
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dexter, dextera, dexterum
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right, on the right, right hand
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dīco, -ere, dīxī, dictum
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I say, I tell, I speak
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diēs, -ēī m. f.
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day
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difficilis, -is, -e
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difficult
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dignitās, dignitātis f
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rank, dignity, importane, honour
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dignus, -a, -um + abl.
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worthy, deserving (of)
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diligēns, -ntis m. f. n.
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diligent, hard-working
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dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum
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dismiss, scatter
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dīrus, -a, -um
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awful, dreadful
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dīrus, -a, -um
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awful, dreadful
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discēdō, -ere, discessī, discessum
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I depart, I go away,I leave
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discō, -ere, didicī,
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I learn
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dissimilis, dissimile
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different
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diū
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for a long time
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dīves, dīvitis m. f. n.
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rich, wealthy
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dīvitiae, -ārum f pl
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riches, wealth
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dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum
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divide, separate
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dō, dare, dedi, datum
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I give
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doceō, -ēre, docuī, doctum
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I teach, inform
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dolor, -ōris m.
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pain, grief, sorrow
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dolus, -ī m
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trick, fraud
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dominus, -ī m.
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master
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domus, -ūs f.
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house, home
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dōnum, -ī n.
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gift
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dormiō (4)
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I sleep
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dubitō (1)
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I doubt, I hesitate
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dubius, -a, -um
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doubtful, wavering
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dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum
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I lead
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dum + ind.
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while, until
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dūrus, -a, -um
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hard, harsh, rough
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dux, ducis m. f.
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leader, commander, guide
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ē (ex) + abl.
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out of, from; (in compounds) out
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ecce!
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look! behold!
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eficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectum
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carry out, accomplish
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effugiō, -ere, effūgī,
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I escape, I flee
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egeō, egēre, eguī + gen pr abl.
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need, be in want of, lack
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ego
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I
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ēgredior, ēgredī, egressus sum
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I go out, come out
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eheu!
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oh dear! alas!
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oh dear! alas!
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emo, -ere, ēmī, ēmptum
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I buy
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enim
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for
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eō
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to there, thither
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eō, ire, īvī/iī, itum
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I go
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epistula, -ae f.
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letter
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eques, equitis m
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knight, horseman, cavalry
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equus, -i m.
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horse
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ergā + acc
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towards
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ergō
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therefore
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errō, errāre, errāvī, errātum
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wander, make a mistake
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et (et…et)
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and (both…and)
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etiam
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even, also
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even, also
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etsī
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although
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excipiō, excipere, excēpī. exceptum
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receive, take, welcome
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excitō (1)
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I rouse, I stir up
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exemplum, -i n.
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example
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exercitus, -ūs m.
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army
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exilium, exiliī n
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exile
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exitium, exitiī n
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ruin, destruction
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exspectō (1)
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I expect, I wait for
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extrā + acc.
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outside, beyond
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facilis, -is, -e
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easy
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facinus, facinoris n
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crime, outrage, deed
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facio, -ere, fēcī, factum
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I make, I do
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fallo, -ere, fefellī, falsum
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I deceive, I trick
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fāma, -ae f.
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rumour, reputation
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familia, -ae f
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family, household
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faveō, favēre, favuī + dat
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favour, support
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fēlix, fēlīcis
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lucky, happy, fortunate, prosperous
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fēmina, -ae f.
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woman
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fere
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nearly, about
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ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum
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I carry, I bring, I bear, I endure
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ferōx, ferōcis m. f. n.
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fierce
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fidēlis, -is, -e
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faithful, loyal
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fidēs, -ēī f.
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faith, confidence, honesty
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fīlia, -ae f.
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daughter
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fīlius, -i m.
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son
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fīnis, -is m.
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end
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fīō, fierī, factus sum
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I become, I am made, happen
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flūmen, -inis n.
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river
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fodiō, fodere, fōdī, fossum
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dig
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foedus, foederis n
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treaty, agreement
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fortasse
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perhaps
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forte
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by chance
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fortis, -is, -e
|
brave
|
|
|
|
fortūna, -ae f.
|
fortune, chance, luck
|
|
|
|
forum, -ī n.
|
forum, market-place
|
|
|
|
fossa, fossae f
|
ditch
|
|
|
|
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctum
|
break, crush
|
|
|
|
frāter, -tris m.
|
brother
|
|
|
|
frīgus, frīgoris n
|
cold
|
|
|
|
frūmentum, -ī n
|
corn, grain
|
|
|
|
frūstrā
|
in vain
|
|
|
|
fuga, -ae f.
|
flight
|
|
|
|
fugio, -ere, fūgī,
|
I flee, I run away
|
|
|
|
fundō, fundere, fūdī, fūsum
|
pour, shed, rout
|
|
|
|
furor, furōris m
|
rage, fury, madness, possession
|
|
|
|
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum
|
rejoice
|
|
|
|
gaudium, -ī n.
|
joy
|
|
|
|
gēns, -ntis f.
|
race, people, family, tribe
|
|
|
|
genus, generis n.
|
race, descent, birth, kind
|
|
|
|
gerō, -ere, gessi, gestum
|
bear, wage war, manage
|
|
|
|
bellum gerō
|
I wage war
|
|
|
|
gladius, -ī m.
|
sword
|
|
|
|
grātia, -ae f
|
favour, thanks, esteem
|
|
|
|
grātiās agō
|
thanks, give thanks
|
|
|
|
gravis, -is, -e
|
heavy, serious, painful. important
|
|
|
|
habeō (2)
|
I have, hold, consider
|
|
|
|
habitō (1)
|
I live, reside, dwell
|
|
|
|
hasta, -ae f.
|
spear
|
|
|
|
haud
|
not
|
|
|
|
heri
|
yesterday
|
|
|
|
hīc
|
here
|
|
|
|
hic, haec, hoc
|
this (he, she, it)
|
|
|
|
hinc
|
from here, hence
|
|
|
|
hodiē
|
today
|
|
|
|
homō, -inis m.
|
man, person
|
|
|
|
honor, honōris m
|
honour, esteem, glory
|
|
|
|
hōra, -ae f.
|
hour
|
|
|
|
hortor (1 dep.)
|
I encourage
|
|
|
|
hospes, hospitis m
|
guest, host
|
|
|
|
hostis, -is m. f.
|
enemy
|
|
|
|
hūc
|
to here, hither
|
|
|
|
iaceō (2)
|
I lie
|
|
|
|
iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactum
|
I throw
|
|
|
|
iam
|
now, already
|
|
|
|
iānua, -ae f.
|
door, entrance
|
|
|
|
ibi
|
there
|
|
|
|
īdem, eadem, idem
|
same
|
|
|
|
idoneus, idones, idoneum
|
suitable
|
|
|
|
igitur
|
therefore
|
|
|
|
ignis, -is m.
|
fire
|
|
|
|
ille, illa, illud
|
that (he, she, it)
|
|
|
|
illīc
|
there
|
|
|
|
illūc
|
to there, thither
|
|
|
|
imāgō, -inis f.
|
image, representation, likeness
|
|
|
|
impediō, impedīre, impedīvī, impeditum
|
delay, hinder, prevent
|
|
|
|
imperātor, -ōris m.
|
emperor, commander, general
|
|
|
|
imperium, -ī n.
|
command, power, empire
|
|
|
|
imperō (1) (+ dat.)
|
I order, command
|
|
|
|
impetus, -ūs m.
|
charge, assault, attack, impulse
|
|
|
|
in + acc.
|
into, onto, against
|
|
|
|
in + abl.
|
in, on
|
|
|
|
incendium, incendiī n
|
fire
|
|
|
|
incendō, -ere, incendī, incēnsum
|
I set fire to
|
|
|
|
incipio, -ere, incēpī, inceptum
|
I begin
|
|
|
|
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
|
urge on, arouse, encourage
|
|
|
|
inde
|
from there, thence, thereupon, next
|
|
|
|
infēlix, infēlīcis m. f. n.
|
unlucky
|
|
|
|
inferō, inferred, intulī, illātum/inlātum
|
inflict, bring to, cause, carry against
|
|
|
|
signa inferred
|
attack, charge
|
|
|
|
bellum inferred
|
make war on
|
|
|
|
infrā
|
below
|
|
|
|
ingenium, ingeniī n
|
character, ability
|
|
|
|
ingēns, -ntis m. f. n.
|
huge, enormous
|
|
|
|
ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum
|
I enter, I go in, I undertake
|
|
|
|
inimīcus, -a, -um
|
hostile, unfriendly
|
|
|
|
inīquus, -a, -um
|
unfair, unjust, unfavourable
|
|
|
|
initium, initiī n
|
beginning
|
|
|
|
iniūria, -ae f
|
injustice, unfair, unfavourable
|
|
|
|
inopia, -ae f
|
shortage, lack, poverty
|
|
|
|
inquam, inquit, inquiunt (defective)
|
I say, he/she says, they say
|
|
|
|
īnsidiae, īnsidiārum f pl
|
ambush, trap, trick
|
|
|
|
īnsignis, īnsigne
|
distinguished, glorious
|
distinguished, glorious
|
|
|
īnspiciō, īnspicere, īnspexī, īnspectum
|
look at, inspect, examine
|
|
|
|
īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctum
|
draw up, prepare, equip, supply
|
|
|
|
īnsula, -ae f.
|
island, block of flats
|
|
|
|
intellegō, -ere, intellēxī, intellēctum
|
I understand, I realise, I perceive
|
|
|
|
inter, intrā + acc.
|
between, among, inside, within
|
|
|
|
intereā, intrim
|
meanwhile
|
|
|
|
interficiō, -ere, interfēcī, interfectum
|
I kill
|
|
|
|
intrō (1)
|
I enter
|
|
|
|
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum
|
I come across, I find
|
|
|
|
invītō (1)
|
I invite
|
|
|
|
invītus, -a, -um
|
reluctant, unwilling
|
|
|
|
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
|
self
|
|
|
|
īra, -ae f.
|
anger
|
|
|
|
īrātus, -a, -um
|
angry
|
|
|
|
is, ea, id
|
this, that, he, she, it
|
|
|
|
iste, ista, istud
|
that one (that man, woman, thing)
|
|
|
|
ita
|
so, thus, in this way
|
|
|
|
itaque
|
and so, therefore
|
|
|
|
iter, itineris n.
|
journey, march, way
|
|
|
|
iterum
|
again
|
|
|
|
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum
|
I order, command
|
|
|
|
iūdex, -icis m.
|
judge, juror
|
|
|
|
iungō, -ere, iūnxi, iūnctum
|
I join, unite, fasten
|
|
|
|
iūstus, -a, -um
|
just, right
|
|
|
|
iuvenis, -is m.
|
young man, (adj.) young
|
|
|
|
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtum
|
I help
|
|
|
|
labor, -ōris m.
|
work, toil, trouble
|
|
|
|
lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum
|
I slip, I fall, I glide
|
|
|
|
labōrō (1)
|
I work
|
|
|
|
laetus, -a, -um
|
happy
|
|
|
|
lātus, -a, -um
|
broad, wide
|
|
|
|
laudō (1)
|
I praise
|
|
|
|
laus, laudis f.
|
praise, honour
|
|
|
|
lēgātus, -ī m
|
envoy, (legionary) commander, ambassador
|
|
|
|
legiō, -ōnis f.
|
legion
|
|
|
|
legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctum
|
I read, choose
|
|
|
|
lēx, lēgis f.
|
law
|
|
|
|
libēns, libentis
|
willing, glad
|
|
|
|
liber, librī m.
|
book
|
|
|
|
līber, lībera, līberum
|
free
|
|
|
|
līberī, -ōrum m. pl.
|
children
|
|
|
|
līberō (1)
|
I free
|
|
|
|
lībertās, lībertātis f.
|
happinesss
|
|
|
|
lībertus, -ī m.
|
freedman
|
|
|
|
licet, licere, licuit + dat
|
it is allowed
|
|
|
|
licet + subj.
|
although
|
|
|
|
licet, -ēre, licuit, licitum
|
it is allowed
|
|
|
|
lītus, -oris n.
|
sea-shore, beach
|
|
|
|
locus, -ī m. (plural loca n.)
|
place, position, situation, opportunity
|
|
|
|
longus, -a, -um
|
long
|
|
|
|
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum
|
I speak
|
|
|
|
lūx, -lūcis f.
|
light
|
|
|
|
magister, -trī m.
|
teacher
|
|
|
|
magnopere
|
very much, greatly
|
|
|
|
magnus, -a, -um
|
large, great
|
|
|
|
magis
|
more rather
|
|
|
|
mālō, malle, maluī
|
I prefer
|
|
|
|
malus, -a, -um
|
bad
|
|
|
|
mandō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
|
commit, entrust, command
|
|
|
|
māne
|
in the morning, early
|
|
|
|
maneo, -ēre, mānsī, mānsum
|
I remain, I stay
|
|
|
|
manus, -ūs f.
|
hand, band (of men)
|
|
|
|
mare, -is n.
|
sea
|
|
|
|
māter, -tris f.
|
mother
|
|
|
|
medius, -a, -um
|
middle, the middle of
|
|
|
|
mēns, -ntis f.
|
mind, intellect, purpose
|
|
|
|
mēnsis, mēnsis m.
|
month
|
|
|
|
mercātor, -ōris m.
|
merchant
|
|
|
|
metus, -ūs m.
|
fear
|
|
|
|
meus, -a, -um
|
my
|
|
|
|
mīles, -itis m.
|
soldier
|
|
|
|
minor, minārī, minātus sum + dat
|
threaten
|
|
|
|
mīrābilis-, is, -e
|
wonderful, amazing
|
|
|
|
mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum
|
wonder at, admire
|
|
|
|
miser, misera, miserum
|
wretched, miserable, sad
|
|
|
|
mitto, -ere, mīsī, missum
|
I send, throw, let go
|
|
|
|
modo
|
only, just now
|
|
|
|
modus, -ī m.
|
way, manner, kind
|
|
|
|
moneō (2)
|
I advise, warn
|
|
|
|
mōns, -ntis m.
|
mountain
|
|
|
|
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
|
show, point out, indicate, instruct
|
|
|
|
mora, -ae f
|
delay
|
|
|
|
morbus, -ī m.
|
disease, illness, sickness
|
|
|
|
morior, morī, mortuus sum
|
I die
|
|
|
|
mors, mortis f.
|
death
|
|
|
|
moror, morārī, morātus sum
|
delay (vb)
|
|
|
|
mōs, mōris m
|
custom
|
|
|
|
moveo, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum
|
I move
|
|
|
|
mox
|
soon
|
|
|
|
mulier, mulieris f.
|
woman
|
|
|
|
multus, -a, -um
|
much, many
|
|
|
|
mūniō (4)
|
I fortify, I protect
|
|
|
|
mūnus, mūneris n.
|
service, duty, present
|
|
|
|
mūrus , -ī m.
|
wall, rampart
|
|
|
|
mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum
|
change, alter
|
|
|
|
nam (namque)
|
for
|
|
|
|
nārrō (1)
|
I tell, I relate
|
|
|
|
nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum
|
I am born
|
|
|
|
nauta, -ae m.
|
sailor
|
|
|
|
nāvigō (1)
|
I sail
|
|
|
|
nāvis, -is f.
|
ship
|
|
|
|
nāvis longa
|
warship
|
|
|
|
nāvis onerāria
|
merchant ship
|
|
|
|
nē
|
lest, in case, in order that ... not
|
|
|
|
-ne
|
(introduces question)?
|
|
|
|
nec (neque) (nec…nec)
|
neither (neither…nor)
|
|
|
|
necesse
|
necessary
|
|
|
|
neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglēctum
|
neglect, disregard
|
|
|
|
negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1)
|
I deny, I say not
|
|
|
|
negōtium, negōtiī n
|
business
|
|
|
|
nēmō, nūllius m. f.
|
nobody, no one
|
|
|
|
nesciō, -īre, -īvī
|
I do not know
|
|
|
|
nihil (indeclinable) n.
|
nothing
|
|
|
|
nisi
|
unless, except (if not)
|
|
|
|
nōbilis, nōbile
|
nobleman
|
|
|
|
noceō, nocēre, nocuī + dat
|
hurt, harm
|
|
|
|
nōlō, nōlle, nōluī
|
I do not want, I am unwilling, I refuse
|
|
|
|
nōmen, -inis n.
|
name
|
|
|
|
nōn
|
not
|
|
|
|
nōn modo…sed etiam
|
not only…but also
|
|
|
|
nōndum
|
not yet
|
|
|
|
nōnne?
|
surely?
|
|
|
|
nōnnūllus, -a, -um
|
some, several
|
|
|
|
nōs
|
we, us
|
|
|
|
noster, nostra, nostrum
|
our
|
|
|
|
nōvī, nōtus
|
I know
|
|
|
|
novus, -a, -um
|
new
|
|
|
|
nox, noctis f.
|
night
|
|
|
|
noctū
|
by night
|
|
|
|
nūllus, -a, -um
|
none, no
|
|
|
|
num?
|
surely not?
|
|
|
|
num
|
whether
|
|
|
|
nūmerus, -ī m.
|
number
|
|
|
|
numquam
|
never
|
|
|
|
nunc
|
now
|
|
|
|
nūntio (1)
|
I announce, report
|
|
|
|
nūntius, -ī m.
|
messenger, message, news
|
|
|
|
ob + acc.
|
on account of, because of
|
|
|
|
oblīvīscor, oblīvīscī, oblītus sum (+ gen.)
|
I forget, I am forgetful of
|
|
|
|
obses, obsidis m, f
|
hostage
|
|
|
|
obsideō, obsidēre, obsēdī, obsessus
|
besiege, blockade
|
|
|
|
obviam eō, īre, -īvī/iī + dat
|
meet, go to meet, oppose, resist
|
|
|
|
occāsiō, -ōnis f.
|
opportunity
|
|
|
|
occīdo, -ere, occīdī, occīsum
|
I kill, I strike down
|
|
|
|
occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātum
|
I seize, I occupy, I take possession of
|
|
|
|
oculus, -ī m.
|
eye
|
|
|
|
ōdī, ōdisse, - (defective)
|
I hate
|
|
|
|
odium, -ī n.
|
hatred
|
|
|
|
odiō est + dat
|
be hated by
|
|
|
|
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātum
|
I offer, I present
|
|
|
|
ōlim
|
once upon a time, once
|
|
|
|
ōmittō, ōmittere, ōmīsī, ōmissum
|
neglect, disregard, make no mention of
|
|
|
|
omnis, -is, -e
|
all, every
|
|
|
|
onus, -eris n.
|
burden, load
|
|
|
|
opera, operae f.
|
work, effort, attention, trouble
|
|
|
|
operam dō
|
I take pains, give attention (to)
|
|
|
|
oportet, oportere, oportuit (imp. vb)
|
be necessary, ought, must
|
|
|
|
oppidum, -i n.
|
town
|
|
|
|
opportūnus, -a, -um
|
general (adj.)
|
|
|
|
opprimō, -ere, oppressi, oppressum
|
I overwhelm, I crush
|
|
|
|
oppugnō (1)
|
I attack
|
|
|
|
ops, opis f.
|
help; (pl) resources, riches
|
|
|
|
opus, -eris n.
|
work, piece of work, toil, construction
|
|
|
|
opus est, esse, fuit + abl (impers.)
|
there is need (of)
|
|
|
|
ōra, ōrae f.
|
coast
|
|
|
|
ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis f.
|
speech
|
|
|
|
ōrdō, ōrdinis f.
|
rank, order, line
|
|
|
|
orior, orīrī, ortus sum
|
rise, start, originate
|
|
|
|
ornō (1)
|
I adorn, I decorate, I make attractive
|
|
|
|
ōrō (1)
|
I beg, I pray
|
|
|
|
ōs, ōris n.
|
mouth, face
|
|
|
|
ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostentum/ostēnsum
|
I show, I display
|
|
|
|
ōtium, -ī n.
|
leisure
|
|
|
|
paene
|
almost
|
|
|
|
palam
|
openly
|
|
|
|
pār, paris
|
equal (adj.)
|
|
|
|
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsum + dat
|
I spare
|
|
|
|
parēns, -ntis m. f.
|
parent
|
|
|
|
pareō (2) + dat.
|
I obey
|
|
|
|
pariō, parere, peperī, partum
|
win, acquire, gain, secure
|
|
|
|
parō (1)
|
I prepare
|
|
|
|
pars, partis f.
|
part
|
|
|
|
parvus, -a, -um
|
small
|
|
|
|
passim
|
in all directions, far and wide
|
|
|
|
passus, passūs m.
|
pace
|
|
|
|
pater, -tris m.
|
father
|
|
|
|
patior, pati, passus sum
|
I suffer, I endure, I allow
|
|
|
|
patria, -ae f
|
homeland
|
|
|
|
pauci, -ae, -a
|
few, a few
|
|
|
|
paulīsper
|
for a short while
|
|
|
|
paulum, paulō (adv)
|
a little, somewhat
|
|
|
|
pauper, -eris m. f. n
|
poor, a poor person
|
|
|
|
pāx, pācis f
|
peace
|
|
|
|
pecūnia, -ae f.
|
money
|
|
|
|
pedes, peditis m
|
foot soldier, (plr) infantry
|
|
|
|
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
|
push, drive, rout
|
|
|
|
per + acc.
|
through
|
|
|
|
perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditum
|
destroy, leave
|
|
|
|
pereō, perīre, periī, peritum
|
I perish, I am lost, I am destroyed
|
|
|
|
perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectum
|
bring about, complete, perfect
|
|
|
|
perīculum, perīculī n
|
danger
|
|
|
|
perītus, -a, -um + gen or abl.
|
skilled (in)
|
|
|
|
permittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missum
|
hand over, entrust, permit, allow
|
|
|
|
persuadeō, -suādērem –suāsī + dat
|
persuade, convince
|
|
|
|
perterritus, -a, -um
|
very frightened
|
|
|
|
perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum
|
reach, arrive
|
|
|
|
pēs, pedis m
|
foot
|
|
|
|
petō, petere, petīvī, petītum
|
seek, ask for, make for, attack
|
|
|
|
pīlum, pīlī n
|
javelin
|
|
|
|
placet, placēre, placuit (imp) + dat
|
it pleases, suits, it is resolved
|
|
|
|
plēbs, plēbis f.
|
the people, common people
|
|
|
|
ponō, -ere, posui, positum
|
I place, I put
|
|
|
|
pōns, pontis m.
|
bridge
|
|
|
|
populus, -ī m
|
people
|
|
|
|
porta, -ae f.
|
gate
|
|
|
|
portō (1)
|
I carry
|
|
|
|
portus, -ūs m.
|
port, harbour
|
|
|
|
poscō, -ere, poposcī,
|
I demand, I ask for
|
|
|
|
possum, posse, potuī
|
I can, I am able
|
|
|
|
post + acc.after, behind; (adverb)
|
afterwards, next
|
|
|
|
posteā
|
afterwards
|
|
|
|
postquam
|
after, when
|
|
|
|
postrēmus, -a, -um
|
last
|
|
|
|
postrīdiē
|
next day
|
|
|
|
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
|
demand, ask
|
|
|
|
potēns, potentis
|
powerful
|
|
|
|
potestās, -ātis f.
|
power
|
|
|
|
potior, potīrī, potītus sum + gen/abl
|
seize, get possession of
|
|
|
|
potius
|
rather, more
|
|
|
|
praebeō (2)
|
I offer, I supply, I show
|
|
|
|
praeda, -ae f.
|
plunder, booty, prey
|
|
|
|
praemium, -i n.
|
reward, prize
|
|
|
|
praeficiō, praeficere, praefēcī, praefectum
|
put in charge of
|
|
|
|
praesidium, praesidiī n
|
protection, garrison, fortification
|
|
|
|
praesum, preesse, praefuī + dat
|
be in charge of
|
|
|
|
praeter + acc.
|
except, beyond, except
|
|
|
|
praetereā
|
moreover, besides, in addition
|
|
|
|
precor, precērī, precātus sum
|
pray, pray to, beg
|
|
|
|
pretium, -ī n.
|
price, value
|
|
|
|
prīmus, -a, -um
|
first
|
|
|
|
prīnceps, -ipis m.
|
chief, leader
|
|
|
|
prior, priōris (adj)
|
previous, former
|
|
|
|
priusquam
|
before, until
|
|
|
|
prō + abl.
|
on behalf of
|
|
|
|
prōcēdō, prōcēdere, peōcessī, prōcessum
|
advance, proceed
|
|
|
|
procul
|
distant, far off
|
|
|
|
prōdo, -ere, prōdidī, prōditum
|
I betray, surrender
|
|
|
|
proelium, -ī n.
|
battle
|
|
|
|
proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum
|
I set out, depart
|
|
|
|
prōgredior, prōgredī, prōgressus sum
|
I advance, proceed
|
|
|
|
prōmittō, -ere, promīsī, prōmissum
|
I promise
|
|
|
|
prope + acc
|
near
|
|
|
|
propter + acc.
|
on account of, because of
|
|
|
|
prōvincia, -ae f.
|
province
|
|
|
|
proximus, -a, -um
|
nearest, next, last
|
|
|
|
pūblicus, -a, -um
|
public
|
|
|
|
pudor, pudōris m
|
shame
|
|
|
|
puella, -ae f
|
girl
|
|
|
|
puer, -ī m.
|
boy
|
|
|
|
pugna, -ae f.
|
battle, fight
|
|
|
|
pugnō (1)
|
I fight
|
|
|
|
pūniō (4)
|
I punish
|
|
|
|
putō (1)
|
I think
|
|
|
|
quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītum
|
I search, I look for, I inquire, I ask for
|
|
|
|
quālis, -is, -e?
|
of what sort?
|
|
|
|
quam
|
how, than, as
|
|
|
|
quam + superlative
|
as ... as possible
|
|
|
|
quamquam
|
although
|
|
|
|
quandō?
|
when?
|
|
|
|
quantus, -a, -um?
|
how large, how great?
|
|
|
|
quasi
|
as if, just as, nearly
|
|
|
|
-que
|
and
|
|
|
|
queror, quērī, questus sum
|
complain
|
|
|
|
quī, quae, quod
|
who, who, which
|
|
|
|
quia
|
because
|
|
|
|
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam
|
a (certain), one, some
|
|
|
|
quidem
|
indeed, in fact, however
|
|
|
|
nē...quidem
|
not even
|
|
|
|
quiēs, quiētis f
|
rest, peace, quiet
|
|
|
|
quis, quis, quid?
|
(interrogative) who, who, what?
|
|
|
|
quisque, quaeque, quidque
|
each
|
|
|
|
quisquis, quicquid
|
whoever, whatever
|
|
|
|
quō?
|
where to? whither?
|
|
|
|
quoad
|
until, as long as
|
|
|
|
quod
|
because, (as to) the fact that
|
|
|
|
quod sī
|
but if
|
|
|
|
quōmodo?
|
how?
|
|
|
|
quoniam
|
since, because
|
|
|
|
quoque
|
also
|
|
|
|
quot?
|
(indeclinable) how many?
|
|
|
|
quotiēns
|
how often, as often as
|
|
|
|
rapiō, -ere, rapuī, raptum
|
I seize, I snatch
|
|
|
|
recēns, recentis
|
recent, fresh
|
|
|
|
recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum
|
regain, receive, welcome
|
|
|
|
recitō (1)
|
recite, read aloud
|
|
|
|
rēctus, -a, -um
|
straight, direct, right, proper
|
|
|
|
reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditum
|
I return, I give back
|
|
|
|
redeo, redire, redii, reditum
|
I return, I go/come back
|
|
|
|
referō, referre, rettulī, relātum
|
I bring back, I report, I refer
|
|
|
|
pedem/mē referō
|
I retreat
|
|
|
|
reficiō, reficere, refēcī, refectum
|
repair, restore, refresh
|
|
|
|
rēgīna, -ae f.
|
queen
|
|
|
|
rēgnum, -ī n
|
kingdom, reign, rule
|
|
|
|
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctum
|
I rule/direct
|
|
|
|
regredior, regredī, regressus sum
|
I go back, return
|
|
|
|
relinquō, -ere, relīquī, relictum
|
I leave, leave behind, abandon
|
|
|
|
reliquus, -a, -um
|
remaining, the rest of, the other
|
|
|
|
repente
|
suddenly
|
|
|
|
rēs, rēī f
|
thing, matter (or appropriate noun)
|
|
|
|
rēs pūblica, rēī pūblicae f.
|
state, republic
|
|
|
|
resistō, resistere, restitī, restitūtum + dat
|
resist, oppose
|
|
|
|
respondeō, -ēre, respondī, respōnsum
|
I reply
|
|
|
|
respōnsum, -i n.
|
answer
|
|
|
|
restituō, restituere, restituī, restitūtum
|
restore, give back
|
|
|
|
retineō, retinēre, retinuī, retentum
|
hold back, restrain, keep
|
|
|
|
rēx, rēgis m.
|
king
|
|
|
|
rīpa, -ae f.
|
river bank
|
|
|
|
rogō (1)
|
I ask
|
|
|
|
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptum
|
break, burst, break through
|
|
|
|
rūrsus
|
again
|
|
|
|
rūs, rūris n
|
country, countryside
|
|
|
|
sacerdos, sacerdōtis m/f
|
priest
|
|
|
|
saepe
|
often
|
|
|
|
saevus, -a, -um
|
savage, cruel
|
|
|
|
salūs, -ūtis f
|
safety
|
|
|
|
salūtō (1)
|
greet, salute
|
|
|
|
sanguis, -inis m.
|
blood
|
|
|
|
sapiēns, sapientis m. f. n.
|
wise, sensible
|
|
|
|
sapientia, -ae f
|
wisdom
|
|
|
|
satis
|
enough
|
|
|
|
scelus, sceleris n
|
crime, wickedness
|
|
|
|
sciō, scīre, scīvē, scītum
|
I know
|
|
|
|
scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptum
|
I write
|
|
|
|
scūtum, scūtī n
|
shield
|
|
|
|
sē
|
himself, herself, itself, themselves
|
|
|
|
secundus, -a, -um
|
second
|
|
|
|
sed
|
but
|
|
|
|
sēdēs, sēdis f
|
seat
|
|
|
|
semel
|
once
|
|
|
|
simper
|
always
|
|
|
|
senātōr, -ōris m
|
senator
|
|
|
|
senex, senis m
|
old man
|
|
|
|
sententia, -ae f
|
opinion, judgement, sentence
|
|
|
|
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum
|
I feel, I notice, hear, judge
|
|
|
|
sequor, sequī, secūtus sum
|
I follow
|
|
|
|
servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum
|
I save, I keep, I protect
|
|
|
|
servus, -ī m.
|
slave
|
|
|
|
sī
|
if
|
|
|
|
sīc
|
so, thus
|
|
|
|
sīcut
|
just as, like, as, as if
|
|
|
|
signum, -ī n.
|
sign, signal, standard
|
|
|
|
silentium, silentiī n
|
silence
|
|
|
|
silva, -ae f.
|
wood, forest
|
|
|
|
similis, -is, -e
|
like, similar
|
|
|
|
simul
|
at the same time
|
|
|
|
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum
|
left, on the left, unfavourable
|
|
|
|
sinistra, -ae f
|
left hand, left side
|
|
|
|
sine + abl
|
without
|
|
|
|
sīve, seu
|
or if, whether
|
|
|
|
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situm
|
I allow
|
|
|
|
socius, -ī m
|
ally, friend, companion
|
|
|
|
sōl, -is m.
|
sun
|
|
|
|
soleo, -ēre, solitus sum
|
I am accustomed
|
|
|
|
sōlum
|
only
|
|
|
|
sōlus, -a, -um
|
alone, only
|
|
|
|
solvō, solver, solvī, solūtum
|
loose, pay
|
|
|
|
nāvem solvō
|
set sail
|
|
|
|
somnus, -i m.
|
sleep
|
|
|
|
sonus, sonī m
|
sound
|
|
|
|
soror, -ōris f.
|
sister
|
|
|
|
spatium, spatiī n
|
interval, space, distance
|
|
|
|
spectāculum, -ī n.
|
spectacle, show
|
|
|
|
spectō (1)
|
look at, watch
|
|
|
|
spērō (1)
|
I hope, I expect
|
|
|
|
spēs, speī f
|
hope
|
|
|
|
spolium, spoliī n
|
booty, spoil(s)
|
|
|
|
statim
|
at once, immediately
|
|
|
|
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtum
|
fix, determine, decide, arrange
|
|
|
|
stō, stāre, stetī, statum
|
I stand
|
|
|
|
studium, -ī n
|
devotion, eagerness, study
|
|
|
|
stultus, -a, -um
|
stupid
|
|
|
|
sub + abl./acc.
|
under, up to, just before
|
|
|
|
subitō
|
suddenly
|
|
|
|
subitus, -a, -um
|
sudden
|
|
|
|
sum, esse, fuī
|
I am
|
|
|
|
summus, -a, -um
|
highest, greatest
|
|
|
|
sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptum
|
I take, I take up
|
|
|
|
superbus, -a, -um
|
proud
|
|
|
|
superō, superāre, superāvī, superātum (1)
|
I overpower, overcome
|
|
|
|
supersum, superesse, superfui
|
be left, remain, survive
|
|
|
|
superus, -a, -um
|
upper, higher
|
|
|
|
surgō, surgere, surrēxī
|
get up, stand up, rise
|
|
|
|
suscipiō, -ere, suscēpī, susceptum
|
I take up, I undertake, begin, bear
|
|
|
|
suspicor, suspicārī, suspicātus sum
|
mistrust, suspect
|
|
|
|
suus, -a, -um
|
his, her, its, their (own)
|
|
|
|
tacitus, -a, -um
|
silent
|
|
|
|
tālis, -is, -e
|
such, of such a kind
|
|
|
|
tam
|
so
|
|
|
|
tamen
|
however, yet
|
|
|
|
tandem
|
at last, finally
|
|
|
|
tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctum
|
I touch
|
|
|
|
tantus, -a, -um
|
so large, so great
|
|
|
|
tectum, -ī n
|
roof, building
|
|
|
|
tego, -ere, tēxi, tēctum
|
I cover
|
|
|
|
tēlum, -ī n.
|
weapon, missile
|
|
|
|
tempestās, -ātis f.
|
storm, season, weather
|
|
|
|
templum, -ī n.
|
temple
|
|
|
|
tempus, -oris n.
|
time
|
|
|
|
teneō, -ēre, tenuī, tentum
|
I hold, keep, maintain
|
|
|
|
terra, -ae f.
|
earth, land
|
|
|
|
terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum (2)
|
I frighten, I terrify
|
|
|
|
terror, terrōris m
|
terror, panic
|
|
|
|
timeo, timēre, timuī (2)
|
I fear, I am afraid
|
|
|
|
timor, -ōris m.
|
fear, fright, anxiety
|
|
|
|
tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum
|
I lift, I raise, remove, destroy
|
|
|
|
tot (indeclinable)
|
so many
|
|
|
|
tōtus, -a, -um
|
all, the whole of
|
|
|
|
trādō, -ere, trādidī, trāditum
|
I hand over, surrenderr
|
|
|
|
trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum
|
I pull, I drag, I draw
|
|
|
|
trāns + acc.
|
across
|
|
|
|
tristis, -is, -e
|
sad, mournful, gloomy
|
|
|
|
tū
|
you (sg.)
|
|
|
|
tum
|
then
|
|
|
|
tumultus, -ūs m
|
uproar, disturbance, civil war
|
|
|
|
turba, turbae f
|
crowd, mob, disturbance, multitude
|
|
|
|
tūtus, -a, -um
|
safe
|
|
|
|
tuus, -a, -um
|
your (sg.)
|
|
|
|
ubi?
|
where?
|
|
|
|
ubi
|
when
|
|
|
|
ubīque
|
everywhere
|
|
|
|
ūllus, -a, -um
|
any
|
|
|
|
ultimus, -a, -um
|
furthest, last, utmost
|
|
|
|
umquam
|
ever
|
|
|
|
ūnā
|
together
|
|
|
|
unde?
|
where from? whence?
|
|
|
|
undique
|
from all sides, on all sides
|
|
|
|
urbs, urbis f.
|
city, town, Rome
|
|
|
|
usque
|
all the way, right up to, continuously
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ut (with subjunctive)
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in order that, so that
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ut (with indicative)
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as, where, when, how
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uter, utra, utrum
|
which (of two)
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uterque, utraque, utrumque
|
each (of two), both
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ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum
|
use
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utrum
|
whether
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uxor, -ōris f.
|
wife
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valeō, valēre, valuī
|
be strong, have influence
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validus, -a, -um
|
be strong/powerful
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vehō, -ere, vēxī, vectum
|
I carry, I convey
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vēndo, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditum
|
I sell
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vel
|
or, either
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velut
|
just as, like, as, as if
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veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum
|
I come
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ventus, -ī m.
|
wind
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verbum, -ī n.
|
word
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vereor, verērī, veritus sum
|
I fear
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vērō
|
indeed, in fact, however
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vertō, -ere, vertī, versum
|
I turn (transitive)
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terga vertō
|
retreat
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vērus, -a, -um
|
true
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vesper, vesperis/vesperī m
|
evening
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vester, vestra, vestrum
|
your (pl.)
|
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vestis, -is f.
|
clothing
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vetō, -are, vetuī, vetitum
|
I forbid, I order not to
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vetus, veteris m. f. n.
|
old
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via, -ae f.
|
street, road
|
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victōria, -ae f
|
victory
|
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videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum
|
I see
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videor, vidērī, vīsus sum
|
I seem
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vīlla, -ae f.
|
house, farm, villa
|
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vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum
|
I conquer, I defeat, I win
|
|
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vir, viri m.
|
man, husband
|
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virtūs, -ūtis f.
|
manliness, courage, virtue
|
|
|
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vīs, vīs (plural vires) f.
|
force (strength)
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vīta, -ae f.
|
life
|
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vītō (1)
|
avoid
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vīvō, -ere, vīxī,
|
I live
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vīvus, -a, -um
|
alive, living
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vix
|
hardly, scarcely
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vocō (1)
|
I call
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volō, velle, voluī
|
I want, I wish, I am willing
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vōs
|
you (pl.)
|
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vōx, vōcis f.
|
voice
|
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vulnerō (1)
|
I wound
|
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vulnus, -eris n.
|
wound
|
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vultus, -ūs m.
|
face, expression
|
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