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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is glyconeogenesis? |
Glyconeogenesis is the production of glucose from non-cabohydrate substances such as amino acids or lipids. |
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What does glucokinase do? |
It is an enzyme which adds a phosphate group to a glucose molecule. |
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What does an endocrine gland do? |
It secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream. Found in the islets of Langerhans. |
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What does an exocrine gland do? |
It secretes a substance into a duct which then travels to a particular part of the body. An example would be the salivary glands. |
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What happens in the islets of Langerhans? |
The beta cells produce insulin and the alpha cells produce glucagon. They are used in the regulation of blood glucose. |
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What is Type 1 diabetes? |
When the beta cells do not make any insulin, which can be regulated through regular insulin injections. Most common in children. (Insulin dependant) |
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What is Type 2 diabetes? |
When insulin is produced, but the target cells do not respond adequately to them. Most common in those over 40, especially people who are overweight or obese. (Insulin resistant) |
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Define homeostasis. |
The maintenance of a stable internal environment |
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How does the body respond when core temperature falls? |
Shivering Vasoconstriction Sweat glands reduce output of sweat Erector muscles on hairs pull hair up on end |
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How does the body respond when core temperature rises? |
Vasodilation Sweat glands secrete more sweat |
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What is an ectotherm? |
An ectotherm is an animal that obtains the majority of its heat from the environment outside of their bodies. Example: snakes and lizards. They bask in the sun to get warm and hide under rocks when they need to cool down. |
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What is an endotherm? |
Animals maintaining a constant core body temperature which is independent from the environment. |
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What is a motor neurone and where is it found? |
A motor neurone transmits action potentials from the CNS to an effector (eg muscle or gland). The cell body of the neurone is found in either the spinal cord or the brain. |
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What do sensory neurones do and where are they found? |
Sensory neurones carry impulses via a Dendron from sense organs to the brain or the spinal cord. They are found in the dorsal root ganglia, which is just outside of the spinal cord. |
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What are the problems with stem cell therapy? |
There is a difficulty in promoting differentiation (especially for adult stem cells) There are inadequate levels of insulin production There are ethical issues regarding the source of the stem cells. |
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What are the different sources for stem cell therapy? |
Blastocyst (5 day old embryo) Bone marrow Umbilical cord blood |
