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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Supraspinatus muscle
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O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Superior facet of Gr. Tub. N: Suprascapular A: Suprascapular Action: AB arm 90 deg, assist deltoid. Fix humeral head to glenoid fossa |
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Infraspinatus muscle
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O: Infraspinous fossa
I: MId. facet of Gr. Tub. N: Suprascapular A: Circumflex scapular Action: Lateral rot. hum. Fix humeral head to glenoid fossa. |
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Teres minor muscle
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O: Sup/lat scapular border
I: Inf. facet of Gr. tub. N: Axillary A: Circumflex scapular Action: Lat. rot. head of humerus |
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Teres major muscle
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O: Dorsal surface, inf angle
I: Medlal lip of intertub groove N: Lower subscapular A: Circumflex scapular Action: Add and med. rot head of humerus |
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What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
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Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres Major Subscapularis |
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What causes rotator cuff injuries?
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Repetitious overhead activities such as throwing, swimming, and pitching with poor technique or inadequate warm-up/conditioning. Leads to tendonitis, rotator cuff impingement or tears in shoulder ligs.
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Serratus anterior muscle
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O: Ribs(1) 2-8 (9)
I: Med. border of ant scap N: Long thoracic A: Lateral thoracic Action: Rotates scapula, tilts glenoid fossa superior. Holds scap against thorax, powerful protractor. Winging if injured. |
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Deltoid muscle
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O: Acromion/Scap spine/clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity N: Axillary A: Suprascapular Action: #1 elevator of arm 0-90 deg. Flex and med rotate arm, Abduct arm, Extend and lat rotate arm. |
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Muscles that elevate the arm are?
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Deltoid
Trapezius Serratus anterior |
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Muscles that lower the arm?
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Levator scapulae (downward rotation of scap)
Teres major Subscapularis Coracobrachialis |
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Spinal levels of Dorsal scapular nerve?
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C3-5
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Spinal levels of Suprascapular nerve?
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C5-6
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Spinal levels of Axillary nerve?
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C5-6
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Spinal levels of the Long thoracic nerve?
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C5-7
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Spinal levels of the lower subscapular nerve?
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C5-6
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Spinal levels of the Upper subscapular nerve?
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C5-7
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Spinal levels of the Middle subscapular nerve?
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(C6) C7-8
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Spinal levels of the Upper subscapular nerve?
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C5-7
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Spinal levels of the Middle subscapular nerve?
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(C6) C7-8
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What muscles does the Dorsal scapular nerve innervate?
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Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major |
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What muscles does the Suprascapular nerve innervate?
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Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus |
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What muscles does the Axillary nerve innervate?
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Teres minor
Deltoid |
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What muscles does the Long thoracic nerve innervate?
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Serratus anterior only
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What muscles does the Upper subscapular nerve innervate?
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Subscapularis only
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What muscles does the Middle subscapular nerve innervate?
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Latissimus dorsi muscle only. This nerve is also known as the Thoracodorsal nerve.
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What nerves innervate the Subscapularis muscle?
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Upper & Lower subscapular nerves.
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Name the shoulder ligaments.
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Coracohumeral
Coracoacromial Acromioclavicular Coracoclavicular Trapezoid/Conoid Suprascapular Glenohumeral |
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What defines a separated shoulder?
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Torn acromioclavicular ligament
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What defines a dislocated shoulder?
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Torn glenohumeral ligaments
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What direction does a subluxation or dislocation of the shoulder occur normally?
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Anteroinferiorly. Superior or posterior shoulder dislocations are rare.
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What is the function of a bursa in the shoulder?
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Decrease friction.
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The glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?
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Synovial joint.
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Where does the left subclavian artery begin?
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The most lateral branch directly off the aorta and to the left side of body.
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Where does the right subclavian artery begin?
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At the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic artery.
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What are the branches of the Internal thoracic artery and where does it originate?
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Superior epigastric artery
Musculophrenic artery (lateral) It originates from the subclavian artery. |
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What are the branches of the Thyrocervical trunk and where does it originate?
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Inferior Thyroid artery
Ascending cervical a. Inferior laryngeal a. Tracheal, Pharyngeal, Eso Glandular br. Suprascapular a. Suprasternal br. Acromial branches Articular branches Originates off the subclavian a. |
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Where does the subclavian become the axillary artery?
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At the lateral border of the 1st rib.
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The axillary has how many segments?
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3. Medial to, lateral to, and posterior to the Pectoralis minor muscle.
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How many branches does the 1st part of the axillary artery have?
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One. The supreme thoracic artery
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How many branches does the 2nd part of the axillary artery have and what are their names?
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Two.
1.) Thoracoacromial trunk Deltoid, acromial, clavicular and pectoral branches 2.) Lateral thoracic artery |
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How many branches does the 3rd part of the axillary artery have and what are their names?
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Three. Subscapular and its two branches; Circumflex scapular a., Thoracodorsal (subscapular a.)
Anterior humeral circumflex Posterior humeral circumflex |
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What vesses site between the borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?
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Cephalic vein.
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What are the muscles of the arm?
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Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii Brachialis Triceps brachii |
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What muscles compose the anterior compartment of the arm (brachium)? And what nerve innervates them?
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Biceps brachii
Brachialis Coracobrachialis Musculocutaneous nerve |
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Coracobrachialis muscle
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O: Coracoid process
I: Mid 1/3 of med. humerus N: Musculocutaneous A: Brachial, ant. hum circ. Action: Flexes and add arm |
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Biceps brachii muscle
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O: Long head-supraglen tub
Short head-coracoid pr. I: Radial tub. & bicipital apo N: Musculocutaneous Action: **Supination, flexion |
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Brachialis muscle
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O: Distal 1/2 ant. humerus
I: Coronoid fossa of ulna N: Musculocutaneous A: Brachial, radial recurrent Action: Primary forearm flex |
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Triceps brachii muscle
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O: Long head-Infraglen tub.
Lat. head-Post humerus Med. head-Post hum inf to radial gr. I: Proximal olecranon N: Radial A: Profunda brachii Action: Chief extensor arm/forearm |
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Anconeus muscle
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O: Lateral epicondyle hum.
I: Lat olecranon, post ulna N: Radial A: Prof. brachii, radial coll. Action: Assist triceps in extension by stabilizing elbow |
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Brachial artery branches?
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Profunda brachii
Main nutrient a. Muscular branches Superior ulnar collateral a. Inferior ulnar collateral a. |
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What are the branches of the profunda brachii artery?
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Nutrient branch
Deltoid branch Ascending branch Radial collateral branch Middle collateral branch |
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Does the Superior ulnar collateral artery run anterior or posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
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Posterior.
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Does the Inferior ulnar collateral artery run anterior or posterior to the medial epicondyle?
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Anterior
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At the border of what structure does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
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The inferior border of the Teres minor. This is the point where the axillary artery sends off anterior and posterior humeral circumflex branches. The posterior circumflex travels through the quadrangular space.
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What are the borders of the triangular space of the shoulder?
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Teres minor superiorly
Teres major inferiorly Long head of triceps laterally Contains Circumflex scapular artery. |
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What are the borders of the quadrangular space of the shoulder?
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Teres minor superiorly
Teres major inferiorly Long head triceps medially Surg. neck of humerus laterally Contains post hum. circum a. and the axillary nerve |
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What are the borders of the Triangular interval?
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Teres major superiorly
Long head triceps medially Humerus/Lateral triceps laterally Contains Profunda brachii a. and radal nerve |
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What muscles make up the forearm flexors?
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Palmaris longus
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum sup/prof. |
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Which muscles belong to the superficial flexor group of the forearm?
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Palmaris longus
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris |
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Which muscle belong the to intermediate group of flexors of the forearm?
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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Which muscles belong the the deep muscles or anterior compatrment of the forearm?
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Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicus longus Pronator quadratus |
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Palmaris longus muscle
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O: Comm flex. tendon-med
I: Dist. 1/2 flex retinac. N: median A: post ulnar recurrent Action: Flex hand, clench fist. Absent 14-15% people. |
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Pronator teres muscle
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O: Med. epicond. coronoid process of ulna
I: Mid. 1/3 of lat. radius N: Median A: Ant ulna recurrent Action: Primary pronation, flex forearm |
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Flexor carpi radialis muscle
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O: "CFT" medial epicond.
I: Base of 2nd, 3rd mets. N: Median A: Radial Action: Flex/abduct hand Styloid process of rad. limits movement. acts with extensor carpi rad to abduct |
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Flexor carpi unlaris muscle
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O: "CFT" of med epicond
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th met. N: Ulnar Action: Flex, adduct hand Acts with ext. carp. ulnaris to adduct |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
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O: "CFT"", Coronoid pr, Rad
I: Shaft, mid. phalang. 2-5 N: Median A: Radial Action: flex middle phalanges primarirly, proximal 2ndrly, flex hand. |
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What do the following stand for?
CM MP PIP DIP |
Carpometacarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint Prox. interphalangeal joint Dist. interphalangeal joint |
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Flexor pollicis longus muscle.
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O: Inteross. memb. mid ant rad.
I: Base of dist. phalanx N: Median A: Ant interosseous Action: Flex dist/prox phalanges of thumb |
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Flexor digitorum profundus muscle.
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O: Prox 3/4 med/ant ulna/IO memb
I: Bases dist. phal 2-5 N: 2-3=Median; 4-5=Ulnar A: Anterior IO Action: Flex distal phalanges 2-5 |
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Pronator quadratus muscle
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O: Dist. 1/4 ant ulna
I: Dist 1/4 ant radius N: Median A: Anterior IO Action: Prontation of forearm |
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What forearm muscles does the median nerve innervate? What brachial plexus cords does it originate from?
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Pronator teres
Palmaris longus Flex. carpi radialis Flex. digitorum superficialis Flex. digitorum prof. 2-3 Pronator quadratus Flex. pollicis longus. Lateral and medial cords. |
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What forearm muscles does the Ulnar nerve innervate? What cord of brachial plexus does it originate from?
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flex. digit. profundus 4-5 |
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What are the posterior compartment muscles of the forearm?
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Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum (communis), extensor digiti minimi (quiti), extensor indicis, extensor poll. longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus, supinator
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What are the muscles of the Superficial posterior compartment of the forearm?
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Brachioradialis
Ext. carpi radialis longus Ext. carpi radialis brevis Ext. carpi ulnaris Ext. digitorum (communis) Ext. Digit minimi (quiti) |
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What are the muscles of the Deep layer posterior compartment of the forearm?
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Ext. indicis
Ext. pollicis longus Ext. pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Supinator |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
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O: Lat supracond humerus
I: Base of 2nd met N: Radial A: Radial recurrent Action: Ext/Abd wrist/hand w/flexor analog |
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
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O: "CET" lat epicod.
I: Base of 3rd met N: Radial A: Radial recurrent Action: Ext/Abd wrist/hand with flexor carpi radialis |
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Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
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O: Post/inf radius & IOM
I: Base prox phalanx thumb N: Radial A: Posterior interosseous Action: Ext. prox phalanx of thumb at MP joint. Forms anterior border of anatomical snuffbox |
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Abductor pollicis muscle.
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O: Post. mid. ulna, rad, IOM
I: Base of 1st met N: Radial A: Posterior interosseous Action: Abduct thumb at CMC joint. Part of anterior border of anatomical snuffbox. |
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Supinator muscle.
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O: "CET" lat. epicond.
I: Lat, post, ant prox 1/3 rad N: Radial A: Posterior interosseous Action: Supinate forearm with biceps brachii |
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What two arteries are the continuation of the brachial artery?
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Radial and ulnar arteries
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What are the branches off the ulnar artery?
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Anterior ulnar recurrent
Posterior ulnar recurrent Common interosseous Anterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Interosseous recurrent Muscular branches |
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What does the Anterior ulna recurrent artery anastomose with in the elbow?
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Inferior ulnar collateral artery.
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What artery does the Posterior ulnar recurrent artery anastomose with?
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Superior ulnar collateral artery.
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What are the important ligaments of the elbow?
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Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament Anterior band (strong) Posterior band (weak) Oblique band (deepens) |
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Name the carpal bones.
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Scaphoid
Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium |
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What is the best mnemonic for the carpal bones?
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(S)o
(L)ong (T)o (P)inky (H)ere (C)omes (T)he (T)humb. |
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What are the basic parts of the phalanges?
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Base, shaft, head
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What are the types of phalanges, and how many are there in the hand?
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There are proximal, middle, and distal phalanges. The thumb does not have a middle phalanx.
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What are the superficial intrinsic muscles of the hand?
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Palmaris brevis
Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles |
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Which muscles are known as the Thenar muscles?
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Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Adductor pollicis |
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Which muscles are known as the Hypothenar muscles?
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Flex. digiti minimi quinti
Opponens digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Note: No adductor, Palmar interossei muscles. |
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Palmaris brevis muscle
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O: Skin over hypothenar
I: Med border palmar aponeurosis N: Ulnar A: Ulnar Action: wrinkles skin of hypothenar region, deepens palm for grip, covers ulnar n. and artery. |
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Flexor pollicis brevis muscle.
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O: Tubercle of trapezium
I: Lat base of prox thumb N: Median A: Radial Action: Flexes thumb @ MP & CM joints |
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Abductor pollicis brevis muscle.
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O: Scaphoid/Trapezium tub.
I: Lat base of prox thumb N: Median A: Radial Action: Abducts thumb & CM joint. Helps oppose it. |
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Flexor digiti minimi quinti (brevis) muscle.
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O: Hood of hamate bone
I: Med base of prox 5th digit N: Ulnar A: Deep palmar of ulnar Action: Flex prox phalanx of 5th digit @ MP & CM joints. |
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Abductor digiti minimi muscle.
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O: Pisiform bone
I: Med base of 5th digit N: Ulnar A: Deep palmar of ulnar Action: Abduct 5th digit at MP & CM joints. |
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Opponens pollicis muscle
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O: Tubercle of trapezium
I: Lat side 1st met shaft N: Median A: Radial Action: Opposes thumb medially toward the other digits. |
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Opponens digiti minimi muscle.
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O: Hook of hamate bone
I: Med border of 5th met N: Ulnar A: deep palmar of ulnar Action: Draws 5th met anteriorly and rotates it so it opposes thumb. |
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Lumbrical muscles 1 & 2.
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O: Lat flex dig. prof. tendon
I: Lateral ext. expan. 2 &3. N: Median A: Sup/deep palmar arch Action: Primarily flex MP joint, secondarily extend phalanx. |
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Lumbrical muscles 3 & 4.
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O: Medial 3 tendons of flex. digit. prof.
I: Lateral ext. exp. 4 & 5. N: Ulnar A: Sup/Deep palmar arches Action: Primarily flex MP joint, secondarily extend distal phalanx. |
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Palmar interossei muscles.
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Three palmar interossei
O: Palmar surf. of mets 2,4,5 I: Ext. exp/base of prox 4 &5 N: Ulnar A: Deep palmar arch Action: Adduction: Move digits toward the midline of the hand (towards #3) (PAD-3) |
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Extensor expansion.
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Tendinous aponeurosis that wraps around the dorsum and sides of the head of the metacarpal and bse of the proximal phalanx at the MP joint. Two parts: Wind & Hood.
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What is the purpose of the extensor expansion?
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1. Increases SA for insertion
2. When flex dig prof flexes DIP, bands tighten and flex the PIP joint. 3. When the extensor digit muscle extends the MP joint, the bands tighten and extend the PIP & DIP joints. 4. When lumbricals flex MP joint, ext. expan. extends the DIP joint. |
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What structures form the carpal tunnel?
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The carpal bones forming the concavity of the wrist in addition to the flexor retinaculum that spans the roof.
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What structures enter the carpal tunnel?
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Median nerve
4 tendons from Flex digit sup 4 tendons from Flex digit prof Tendon of flexor pollicis |
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What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
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Any condition or lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel, usually repetitious movements that irritate the tendon sheaths and can result in impingement of the median nerve. wrist pain, tingling, numbness, muscle pain, loss of strength.
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What arteries form the palmar carpal branches?
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Branches from both the ulnar and radial arteries form the palmar branches.
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Branches of the ulnar artery in the hand?
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Anterior interosseous
Dorsal carpal br. Deep palmar br. Superficial palmar arch Proper digital br. to 5th Common palmar digital (3) Proper palmar digital (6) |
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What are the branches of the radial artery?
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Sup. palmar br. (inconstant)
Deep palmar arch Princeps pollicis Radialis indicis Palmar metacarpal aa. Perforating brchs. to dors. Carpal brchs. to carpals |
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Dorsal branches of the radial artery are?
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Dorsalis pollicis
Dorsalis indicis Perforating br. to deep palmar arch. |
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Dorsal branches of the ulnar artery are?
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Posterior interosseous
Anterior interosseous Dorsal carpal br. Dorsal digital a. to 5th met |
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What forms the dorsal carpal rete? (Network arch)
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Perforating branches to deep palmar arch
Three dorsal metacarpal aa Dorsal digital aa. (6?) |
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What are dermatomes?
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Regions of the skin that recieve sensory innervation from a specific named nerve. Named nerves generally recieve their nerve fibers from multiple spinal segments (roots). They also cross multiple dermatomes.
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What nerves contribute to cutaneous domains?
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Supraclavicular
Axillary Radial Lat antebrachial cutaneous Median Ulnar Med. antebrach. cutaneous Medial brach. cutaneous Intercostobrachial |
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What spinal roots contribute to the Supraclavicular nerve?
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C3-4
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What spinal roots contribute to the Axillary nerve?
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C5-6
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What spinal roots contribute to the Radial nerve?
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C5-8, T1
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What spinal roots contribute to the Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve?
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C5-7
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What spinal roots contribute to the Median nerve?
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C6-8
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What spinal roots contribute to the Ulnar nerve?
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C8-T1
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What spinal roots contribute to the Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve?
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C8-T1 (from Ulnar nerve)
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What spinal roots contribute to the Medial brachial cutaneous nerve?
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T1 (from Ulnar n.)
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What spinal roots contribute to the Intercostobrachial nerve?
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T2
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