Ocpharm Test 02

Front 1

antibacterial resistance through 3 mechanisms

Back 1

1. producing an enzyme
2. altering the target site
3. preventing the entrance of the molecule/Ab into the cell
*all of these due to random DNA shift/mutations

Front 2

differences between bacteria and mammalian eukaryotic cells (5)

Back 2

1. bacterial cell wall
2. cell membrane differences
3. bacterial ribosomal subunits
4. folic acid synthesis in bact
5. DNA gyrase/DNA topoisomerase IV in bact

Front 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram +/- ?

Back 3

Gram -
very important ocular infectious agent to Tx promptly

Front 4

this Gram type of bacteria has a thickened peptidoglycan cell wall with a single, internal phospholipid cell membrane

Back 4

Gram +

Front 5

this Gram type of bacteria has a double phospholipid membrane, sandwiching a peptidoglycan layer

Back 5

Gram -

Front 6

PCNs MOA
-cidal or -static?

Back 6

inhibit cell wall synthesis
(inhibit transpeptidase synthesis)
-cidal

Front 7

cross sensitivity between PCNs and ________

Back 7

cephalosporins

Front 8

Dicloxacillin

Back 8

PCN effective against Gram + bacteria
Tx of HORDEOLUM

Front 9

Nafcillin

Back 9

PCN effective against Gram + bacteria
Tx of corneal ulcer

Front 10

Amoxicillin

Back 10

PCN resistant to PCNase
used to Tx preseptal cellulitis
combined with _______ to prevent PCNase

Hint 10

Augmenten

Front 11

Ampicillin

Back 11

PCN resistant to PCNase/extended spectrum of activity
combined with _______ to prevent PCNase activity

Hint 11

Augmenten

Front 12

PCNs with antipseudomonal activity

Back 12

carbomillin
mezlocillin
piperacillin
ticarcillin

Front 13

ticarcillin

Back 13

PCN used to Tx ulcers caused by Pseudomonas

Front 14

SEs of PCN

Back 14

elevated liver enzymes
CNS effects
urticaria
angioedema

Front 15

MOA of cephalosporins

Back 15

interfere with cell wall synthesis
do PCNases affect cephalosporins?

Hint 15

No

Front 16

all cephalosporins start with cef- or ceph-
1st generation cephalosporins are more Gram __ in action

Back 16

Gram +

Front 17

3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are more Gram __ in action

Back 17

Gram -

Front 18

Ceflacor

Back 18

Tx of mild preseptal cellulitis
(3rd generation)

Front 19

Ceftazidine

Back 19

used against pseudomonas

Front 20

Cefepime

Back 20

Gram + and Gram - action
4th generation cephalosporin

Front 21

SEs of cephalosporins

Back 21

hypersensitivity rxn
anaphylaxis
urticaria
fever
altered flora -- Vit K def

Front 22

bacitracin MOA

Back 22

cell wall synthesis

Front 23

bacitracin formulation
used to Tx

Back 23

UNG
blepharitis

Front 24

vancomycin

Back 24

used for severe infections
C. difficile, staph and strep

Front 25

SE of vancomycin

Back 25

nephrotox, ototox

Front 26

cell wall inhibition antibiotic categories (4)

Back 26

PCNs
cephalosporins
bacitracin
vancomycin

Front 27

bacitracin effective against Gram ___ bact

Back 27

Gram +

Front 28

polymixin B
MOA
Gram

Back 28

DETERGENT
Gram -

Front 29

gramicidin
MOA
Gram
sometimes used instead of

Back 29

DETERGENT
Gram +
bacitracin

Front 30

antibiotic categories that are detergent (cell membrane inhibiting)

Back 30

amphotericin B
gramicidin

Front 31

antibiotic categories affecting protein synthesis (4)

Back 31

aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
chloramphenicol

Front 32

preferred tetracycline

Back 32

doxycycline
PO route
contraindicated in children/breast feeding mothers (teeth yellowing)
SE - photosensitivity

Front 33

macrolides MOA

Back 33

50S subunit
Gram +
-static
meds of choice for PCN allergy

Front 34

erythromycin

Back 34

Tx of blepharitis, chlamydia trachomatis

Front 35

clarithromycin

Back 35

1/2 life is 2x that of erythromycin
Tx of URI

Front 36

azithromycin

Back 36

Z-pack
Tx of blepharitis

Front 37

azasite

Back 37

topical formulation of azithromycin
(FDA trials for blepharitis Tx)

Front 38

chloramphenicol
MOA
-static or -cidal

Back 38

bind to 50S subunit

Front 39

SE of chloramphenicol

Back 39

bone marrow depression

Front 40

sulfonamides MOA

Back 40

inhibit folate synthesis

Front 41

______ block first step in folate synthesis

Back 41

sulfonamides

Front 42

_______ and ______ block second step folate synthesis

Back 42

trimethoprim, pyrimethamine

Front 43

trimethoprim and polymixin B

Back 43

Polytrim
Tx of choice for blepharitis in kids

Front 44

inhibition of topoisomerase IV

Back 44

fluoroquinolones

Front 45

moxifloxacin to Tx

Back 45

bacterial ulcers

Front 46

gatifloxacin to Tx

Back 46

bacterial ulcers
(trade name)

Hint 46

Zymaxid

Front 47

besifloxacin

Back 47

FDA approved for Tx of bacterial conjunctivitis
first developed for ophthalmic use

Front 48

SE of besifloxacin

Back 48

tendonitis

Front 49

SE of ciprofloxacin
form of ciprofloxacin

Back 49

white precipitates in cornea, bitter taste in mouth
ung

Front 50

aminoglycosides bind to ____

Back 50

30S subunit of ribosome

Front 51

these demonstrate synergy with beta-lactams
(but fortified and applied separately)

Back 51

aminoglycosides

Front 52

these demonstrate synergy with vancomycin
(but fortified and applied separately)

Back 52

aminoglycosides

Front 53

oldest aminoglycoside
most common form is topical

Back 53

neomycin

Front 54

aminoglycoside used for serious bacterial infections
topically applied

Back 54

gentimicin

Front 55

identical to gentimicin
trade name of when combined with dexamethasone or prednisolone

Back 55

tobramycin
tobradex

Front 56

semisynthetic aminoglycoside
(protects from inactivating enzymes)
drug of choice for Gram - bacteria to tobramycin/gentimicin

Back 56

amikacin